Open University

About: Open University is a education organization based out in Milton Keynes, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Population. The organization has 11702 authors who have published 35020 publications receiving 1110835 citations. The organization is also known as: Open University, The & Open University.

The volcanic stratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Oman ophiolite complex

Abstract: The volcanic stratigraphy and trace element geochemistry of the Oman ophiolite complex indicate a multistage magmatic origin comprising: (1) magmatism due to sea-floor spreading in a marginal basin; (2) magmatism associated with discrete submarine volcanic centres or seamounts; (3) magmatism associated with crustal uplift and rifting; and (4) magmatism associated with continent-arc collision. Trace element petrogenetic modelling is used to investigate the nature of the mantle source region and the partial melting and fractional crystallization history for each magmatic event. The petrogenetic pathway for the ‘sea-floor spreading’ lavas requires a high degree of melting of a mantle that was depleted in incompatible elements prior to subduction but subsequently selectively enriched in certain elements (mostly LIL elements and H2O) from an underlying subduction zone; it also requires magma mixing in an ‘open system’ magma chamber prior to eruption. The ‘seamount’ lavas were probably derived by a similar degree of partial melting of a similar source, but fractional crystallization was restricted to smaller high-level magma chambers. The ‘rifting’ lavas were derived from a mantle source that was more depleted than the ‘seamount’ lavas prior to subduction but which was later modified by a larger subduction zone component. The ‘syn-collision’ lavas were however derived from an enriched mantle source, which probably underlay the passive continental margin rather than the marginal basin complex. Results such as these may provide considerable insight into the petrogenetic changes accompanying the transitions from spreading to arc volcanism in a supra-subduction zone setting.

The professional learning of teachers in higher education

Abstract: Educational professional development is a global concern. It is often characterised by event‐delivery methods, though there are signs that other approaches are gaining favour. The authors stress the significance of non‐formal learning, and the ways in which it can be promoted and enhanced within the activity systems within which teachers in higher education work. Their argument is complemented by findings from a study of 2401 part‐time teachers, and online responses from 248 full‐time staff, in the UK Open University. Twelve implications for international practice are identified.

Scripts and clinical reasoning.

Abstract: CONTEXT Each clinical encounter represents an amazing series of psychological events: perceiving the features of the situation; quickly accessing relevant hypotheses; checking for signs and symptoms that confirm or rule out competing hypotheses, and using related knowledge to guide appropriate investigations and treatment. OBJECTIVE Script theory, issued from cognitive psychology, provides explanations of how these events are mentally processed. This essay is aimed at clinical teachers who are interested in basic sciences of education. It describes the script concept and how it applies in medicine via the concept of the 'illness script'. METHODS Script theory asserts that, to give meaning to a new situation in our environment, we use goal-directed knowledge structures adapted to perform tasks efficiently. These integrated networks of prior knowledge lead to expectations, as well as to inferences and actions. Expectations and actions embedded in scripts allow subjects to make predictions about features that may or may not be encountered in a situation, to check these features in order to adequately interpret (classify) the situation, and to act appropriately. CONCLUSIONS Theory raises questions about how illness scripts develop and are refined with clinical experience. It also provides a framework to assist their acquisition.