Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics

About: Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Actin cytoskeleton & Skeletal muscle. The organization has 576 authors who have published 1229 publications receiving 78279 citations.

Adaptive Mistranslation Accelerates the Evolution of Fluconazole Resistance and Induces Major Genomic and Gene Expression Alterations in Candida albicans.

Abstract: Regulated erroneous protein translation (adaptive mistranslation) increases proteome diversity and produces advantageous phenotypic variability in the human pathogen Candida albicans. It also incre ...

Bridging topological and functional information in protein interaction networks by short loops profiling

Abstract: Protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) have been employed to identify potential novel interconnections between proteins as well as crucial cellular functions. In this study we identify fundamental principles of PPIN topologies by analysing network motifs of short loops, which are small cyclic interactions of between 3 and 6 proteins. We compared 30 PPINs with corresponding randomised null models and examined the occurrence of common biological functions in loops extracted from a cross-validated high-confidence dataset of 622 human protein complexes. We demonstrate that loops are an intrinsic feature of PPINs and that specific cell functions are predominantly performed by loops of different lengths. Topologically, we find that loops are strongly related to the accuracy of PPINs and define a core of interactions with high resilience. The identification of this core and the analysis of loop composition are promising tools to assess PPIN quality and to uncover possible biases from experimental detection methods. More than 96% of loops share at least one biological function, with enrichment of cellular functions related to mRNA metabolic processing and the cell cycle. Our analyses suggest that these motifs can be used in the design of targeted experiments for functional phenotype detection.

Roles of Rho GTPases in leucocyte and leukaemia cell transendothelial migration

Abstract: Leucocytes migrate into and out of blood vessels at multiple points during their development and maturation, and during immune surveillance. In response to tissue damage and infection, they are rapidly recruited through the endothelium lining blood vessels into the tissues. Leukaemia cells also move in and out of the bloodstream during leukaemia progression. Rho GTPases are intracellular signalling proteins that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and are key coordinators of cell migration. Here, we describe how different members of the Rho GTPase family act in leucocytes and leukaemia cells to regulate steps of transendothelial migration. We discuss how inhibitors of Rho signalling could be used to reduce leucocyte or leukaemia cell entry into tissues.

Mutations in an avian IgY-Fc fragment reveal the locations of monocyte Fc receptor binding sites.

Abstract: The avian IgY antibody isotype shares a common ancestor with both mammalian IgG and IgE and so provides a means to study the evolution of their structural and functional specialisations. Although both IgG and IgE bind to their leukocyte Fc receptors with 1:1 stoichiometry, IgY binds to CHIR-AB1, a receptor expressed in avian monocytes, with 2:1 stoichiometry. The mutagenesis data reported here explain the structural basis for this difference, mapping the CHIR-AB1 binding site to the Cυ3/Cυ4 interface and not the N-terminal region of Cυ3 where, at equivalent locations, the IgG and IgE leukocyte Fc receptor binding sites lie. This finding, together with the phylogenetic relationship of the antibodies and their receptors, indicates that a substantial shift in the nature of Fc receptor binding occurred during the evolution of mammalian IgG and IgE.

Cell behaviour : control and mechanism of motility

Abstract: Part 1 Introduction: patterns of cellular activities based on protein sorting in cell motility, endocytosis and cytokinesis. Part 2 Motile responses: new depths in cell behaviour - reactions of cells to nanotopography self-organization of tissue-equivalents - the nature and role of contact guidance extracellular regulation of cancer invasion - the E-cadherin/cantenin and other pathways. Part 3 Signal transduction: towards a structure model of an integrin integrin-mediated cell adhesion - the cytoskeletal connection Wnt factors in axonal remodelling and synaptogenesis Rho family proteins and cell migration Rho-like GTPases - their role in cell adhesion and invasion. Part 4 Cytoskeletal dynamics: microtubule involvement in regulating cell contractility and adhesion-dependent signalling - a possible mechanism for polarization of cell motility organization and polarity of actin filament networks in cells - implications for the mechanism of myosin-based cell motility network contraction model for cell translocation and retrograde flow centrosomes, microtubules and cell migration cell migration as a five-step cycle. Part 5 Dynamics of motility: cytoskeletal protein mutations and cell motility in "Dictyostelium" cell crawling two decades after Abercrombie using molecular genetics as a tool in understanding crawling cell locomotion in myoblasts forces in cell locomotion. Part 6 Prospects: a dozen questions about how tissue cells crawl.