Rowett Research Institute

About: Rowett Research Institute is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Rumen & Population. The organization has 2986 authors who have published 4459 publications receiving 239472 citations.

Change in intra-abdominal adipose tissue volume during weight loss in obese men and women: correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and anthropometric measurements

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the changes in intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with changes in central abdominal fat (CAF) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometric measurements in obese subjects before and after a weight loss programme. DESIGN: Longitudinal, clinical intervention study of a 600 kcal/day deficit diet with 10 mg/day sibutramine per day for six months. SUBJECTS: Nineteen women (age: 42±8.7 y, BMI: 33.3±1.9 kg/m2) and 17 men (age: 41.8±5.3 y, BMI: 32.6±2.4 kg/m2). MEASUREMENTS: MRI was used to measure the effect of weight loss on IAAT. Changes in IAAT were compared with changes in CAF by DXA and anthropometry. RESULTS: The percentage of changes in IAAT was greater than that in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) in both women and men (P<0.01). Changes in IAAT were significantly correlated with changes in weight and BMI in both women and men. In women and not in men, changes in CAF by DXA, waist circumference and WHR were also significantly correlated with the changes in IAAT. CONCLUSION: Estimation of the change in IAAT was better in obese women than obese men. In both sexes the changes in weight and BMI had the highest correlation coefficients with the change in IAAT.

The effect of protein intake on 24-h energy expenditure during energy restriction.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE : To investigate whether protein intake influences the decline in energy expenditure during energy restriction DESIGN : Cross-over study of three diets of 42 MJ/d for 7 days : one diet with 36% energy as protein and two with 15% energy as protein, one high in carbohydrate and the other high in fat SUBJECTS : Two men and six women aged 31-57 y, BMI 278-341 kg/m 2 MEASUREMENTS : 24-h energy expenditure (24-h EE), sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and body weight on days 0 and 7 of each diet ; 24-h urinary nitrogen excretion (24-h UN) on days 0-7 of each diet RESULTS : 24-h EE and SMR declined on all three diets but the decrease was significantly less on the high protein diet than on the two low protein diets Weight loss was similar on all three diets 24-h UN was less than N intake on the high protein diet but greater than N intake on the two low protein diets CONCLUSIONS : Maintaining protein intake reduces the decrease in energy expenditure during energy restriction

The determination of the minimal nitrogen excretion in steers and dairy cows and its physiological and practical implications.

Abstract: 1. Cattle were maintained by intragastric infusion to see how much nitrogen was excreted on protein-free diets. 2. Minimal N excretion was estimated with two dairy cows in three periods, i.e. when they were non-pregnant and non-lactating, when they were between 117 and 133 d pregnant and when they were between 220 and 233 d pregnant. The minimal N excretion was also estimated on two occasions with two steers when their average live weights were 200 and 350 kg. 3. Average urinary N excretion without protein infusion was 298, 305 and 283 mg/kg metabolic live weight (W0.75) for the non-pregnant cows and for cows during the first and second periods of pregnancy respectively; total N excretion including the faecal N was 340, 329 and 319 g/kg W0.75. 4. For steers the urinary N values were 403 and 295 mg/kg W0.75 at 200 and 350 kg live weight respectively and total N excretion including faecal N was 408 and 320 mg/kg W0.75. 5. Urinary excretion of creatinine was the same for animals given casein via the abomasum as a source of protein or given no protein with mean values for the cows of 13.6 and 14.9 g/d for the first and second stages of pregnancy respectively. Mean values for the steers were 6.5 and 7.6 g creatinine/d at 200 and 350 kg live weight respectively. 6. It is suggested that the so-called metabolic faecal N in ruminants, estimated with N-free diets, is mainly, endogenous N derived from tissue breakdown of protein but incorporated in microbial debris and excreted in the faeces.

Ruminal ammonia formation in relation to the protein requirement of sheep: II. Comparison of casein and herring-meal supplements

Abstract: 1. Herring-meal supplements fed to sheep on a basal diet low in protein were more effective than casein supplements in promoting nitrogen retention and growth. 2. The herring-meal supplements caused less extensive formation of ammonia in the rumen than did the casein supplements. This is considered responsible for the differences found in the value of the proteins. 3. Meat from the sheep fed herring meal was not tainted in flavour. 4. The use of formaldehyde to preserve herring before making them into meal had no deleterious effects when the meal was fed to sheep.