Solvay

About: Solvay is a company organization based out in Brussels, Belgium. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Polymer. The organization has 6083 authors who have published 7004 publications receiving 105745 citations.

Fluvoxamine CR in the long-term treatment of social anxiety disorder: the 12- to 24-week extension phase of a multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Abstract: Fluvoxamine CR has been reported effective in the short-term (12-wk) treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder (social phobia). Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is, however, a chronic disorder thought to require maintenance treatment. We report on data from the extension phase of a short-term study, in order to explore the efficacy and safety profile of fluvoxamine CR (100-300 mg/d) in the longer-term treatment of this disorder. Adult outpatients with generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD) at 35 centres in Europe, South Africa, and USA were included in an acute phase study (12 wk). Subjects who demonstrated at least minimal improvement by endpoint (n=112), were offered participation in an extension phase, in which medication was continued for a further 12 wk under double-blind conditions. Efficacy was assessed using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Disorder Scale (LSAS), the Clinical Global Impression Global Improvement score (CGI-I), the Clinical Global Impressions Severity of Illness score (CGI-S), and the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Safety and tolerability assessments were also performed at regular intervals. Subjects treated with fluvoxamine CR had a numerically greater decrease in LSAS total scores than subjects treated with placebo at endpoint. Analysis of data from baseline (day 1) to endpoint (last observation carried forward) demonstrated that this difference tended towards significance, while severity of illness on the CGI-S and disability on the SDS were significantly lower in the fluvoxamine CR group than in the placebo group. The same trends were observed when only data from weeks 12-24 were included in the analysis; although the magnitude of changes was smaller in the extension phase than in the acute phase, fluvoxamine CR-treated subjects continued to show improvement compared to placebo-treated subjects. Most treatment-emergent signs and symptoms (TESS) were mild to moderate in severity. No unexpected abnormalities were reported on vital signs, electrocardiagrams, or laboratory investigations. These data support the long-term efficacy, safety, and tolerability of fluvoxamine CR in the treatment of GSAD. Given the prevalence, persistence, and disability associated with GSAD, and the relative paucity of long-term treatment studies of SAD, the current dataset provides empirical support for the current clinical consensus that pharmacotherapy of this disorder should be continued beyond the acute phase.

Method for converting polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbons into chlorohydrins

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing chlorohydrin which consists in (a) reacting a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an ester of a polyhydroxylated aliphatic hydrocarbon, or a mixture thereof, with a chlorinating agent to obtain a mixture containing chlorohydrin, esters of chlorohydrin and water; (b) subjecting at least one fraction of the mixture obtained at step (a) to a distillation and/or stripping treatment to obtain one part concentrated in water, in chlorohydrin and in ester of chlorohydrin; (c) subjecting at least one fraction of the part obtained at step (b) to a separation process in the presence of at least one additive to obtain a portion concentrated in chlorohydrin and in esters of chlorohydrin and which contains less than 40 wt % of water

Intrinsic irreversibility and the validity of the kinetic description of chaotic systems

Abstract: Irreversibility for a class of chaotic systems is seen to be an exact consequence of the dynamics through the use of a generalized spectral representation of the time evolution operator of probability densities. The generalized representation is valid for one-dimensional systems when the initial probability density satisfies certain ``physical conditions'' of smoothness. The formalism is first applied to the one-dimensional multi-Bernoulli map, which is a simple map displaying deterministic diffusion. The two-dimensional, invertible baker and multibaker transformations are then studied and the physical conditions determining which discrete spectral values are realized are seen to depend on the smoothness of both the density as well as the observable considered. The generalized representation is constructed using a resolvent formalism. The eigenstates of the diffusive systems are seen to be of a fractal nature.