Southern Illinois University School of Medicine

About: Southern Illinois University School of Medicine is a education organization based out in Springfield, Illinois, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Cancer. The organization has 3747 authors who have published 5977 publications receiving 209115 citations. The organization is also known as: SIU School of Medicine.

Behavioral Model of Chronic Tinnitus in Rats

Abstract: An animal model of tinnitus was developed to study chronic salicylate-induced tinnitus in rats. Novel features of the model included oral dosing of salicylate, test stimuli that included a range of pure tones and silence, and assessment of tinnitus for several months. Experimental subjects were given sodium salicylate in their drinking water while control subjects received normal tap water. Subjects were conditioned to press a lever for food in the presence of continuous white noise. At random intervals, offset of the noise was paired with a noxious stimulus, resulting in cessation of lever pressing during the silent test periods. At other randomly scheduled intervals, a test tone was substituted for the white noise, unpaired with noxious stimuli. When the test stimuli were pure tones, the salicylate-treated subjects suppressed less than the control subjects. One explanation for this result is that the experimental subjects' sensations of tones were noisier than those of the controls because experimental subjects were experiencing tinnitus.

The PREDICT study: a randomized double-blind comparison of contrast-induced nephropathy after low- or isoosmolar contrast agent exposure

Abstract: OBJECTIVE The objective of the PREDICT (patients with renal impairment and diabetes undergoing computed tomography) study was to compare the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after administration of low-osmolar (iopamidol 370, 796 mOsm/kg) or isoosmolar (iodixanol 320, 290 mOsm/kg) contrast medium in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease undergoing CTSUBJECTS AND METHODS Two hundred sixty-three patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate [GFR] = 20–59 mL/min/173 m2) and diabetes mellitus were randomized to receive at least 65 mL of iopamidol 370 or iodixanol 320 for a CT procedure Serum creatinine levels were measured at baseline and 48–72 hours after contrast administration CIN was defined as an increase in the serum creatinine level after contrast administration of ≥ 25% from the baseline level The incidence of CIN in the total study population and the incidence of CIN in patients at increased risk for CIN were compared u

A study of nail bed injuries: Causes, treatment, and prognosis

Abstract: Two hundred ninety-nine nail bed injuries were studied over a 5 1/2-year period. Methods of repair were described. Follow-up was obtained for 184 injuries. The injuries were defined, categorized, and analyzed according to defined result categories and results were graded from excellent to poor. Ninety percent of the repaired nail beds were graded good to excellent. Poorer results occurred with crush or avulsion injuries, with injuries of both nail bed and nail fold, and with associated infection.

GABA inputs control discharge rate primarily within frequency receptive fields of inferior colliculus neurons.

Abstract: 1 Recent studies have suggested that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inputs shape monaural and binaural neuronal response properties in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (CIC) CIC neurons receive major inhibitory GABAergic projections from intrinsic, commissural, and extrinsic sources Many GABAergic projections now are thought to arise from cells that are tonotopically matched to their CIC targets 2 We tested the hypothesis that GABA circuits are aligned primarily within the CIC target neuron's excitatory response area and therefore have their greatest effects on discharge rate mainly within that frequency domain GABA inhibition was examined by recording families of isointensity contours before, during, and after GABAA receptor blockade Iontophoretic application of bicuculline-methiodide (BMI) was used to block GABAA receptors Quantitative measures of frequency bandwidth and z-score analysis of discharge rate within the excitatory receptive field were used to compare pre- and postdrug conditions 3 Chinchilla CIC unit response properties were similar to those described for other species, with a high percentage of phasic temporal response patterns and nonmonotonic rate-intensity functions in response to monaural contralateral characteristic frequency (CF) tones Binaural responses of most CIC neurons showed suppression of contralaterally evoked responses by ipsilateral stimulation 4 For 85% of CIC neurons, blockade of GABAA inputs was found to increase discharge rate within the excitatory response area Forty-five percent were classified as near-CF changes and 32% as near-CF and low side Changes in lateral/flanking inhibition in the absence of near-CF changes were never observed Forty-one percent of CIC neurons displayed less than a 10% increase in frequency bandwidth at 25-35 dB above threshold with BMI application 5 These data suggest that GABA inhibition arises primarily from neurons with inhibitory fields aligned with their CIC targets Thus the effect of the inhibition is primarily contained within or overlapping each target neuron's excitatory response area CIC GABAergic circuits may function to adjust the gain needed for coding complex signals over a wide dynamic range

High-Resolution Light Microscopic Characterization of Mouse Spermatogonia

Abstract: Characteristics of spermatogonia were determined in the C57BL/6J strain mouse using high-resolution light microscopy of plastic-embedded tissues and identifying cells during stages of the spermatogenic cycle. The frequency of expecting each spermatogonial cell type was a major factor in identifying and categorizing various cell types. Although numerous characteristics were described, several major differences were noted in spermatogonial cell types. The group comprising A(s), A(pr), and A(al) spermatogonia could be differentiated based primarily on mottling of heterochromatin throughout the nucleus in the absence of heterochromatin lining the nuclear envelope. The A(1) cells displayed finely granular chromatin throughout the nucleus and virtually no flakes of heterochromatin along the nuclear membrane. The A(2) through A(4) spermatogonia contained progressively more heterochromatin rimming the nucleus. Intermediate-type spermatogonia displayed flaky or shallow heterochromatin that completely rimmed the nucleus. Type B spermatogonia showed rounded heterochromatin periodically along the nuclear envelope. Use of gray-scale histograms allowed objective quantification of nuclear characteristics and showed a logical shift in the gray scale to a narrower and darker profile, from four cell types leading to A(1) cells. The ability to differentiate spermatogonial types is a prerequisite to studying the behavior and kinetics of the earliest of the germ cell types in both normal and abnormal spermatogenesis.