Showing papers by "State University of New York System published in 1978"
TL;DR: GSH status, the biologically relevant chemistry of GSH, the forms in which GSH can be present within the cell, along with the GSH content of cells and the methods for analysis of this substance are discussed.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Glutathione (GSH) is the most important nonprotein thiol in living systems and is of widespread occurrence in the intracellular milieu of animals, plants, and microorganisms GSH was isolated and named by the English biochemist Frederick Gowland Hopkins This chapter discusses GSH status, the biologically relevant chemistry of GSH, the forms in which GSH can be present within the cell, along with the GSH content of cells and the methods for analysis of this substance GSH-related biochemical reactions and the biological roles of GSH are discussed in the chapter The use of perturbations in GSH status as a means for investigating GSH-related phenomena and an analysis of the consequences of perturbation are presented A short summary of genetic lesions related to GSH is also included Like chemically induced perturbations in GSH status, genetic lesions provide valuable insights into the role of GSH in normal functions and processes in cells The chapter concludes with some brief comments about the future of the relationship of GSH status to cellular processes
1,208 citations
TL;DR: The mixing equation applied by Vollmer [1] to Pb and Sr isotope ratios is shown to be a general equation applicable to consideration of element and isotope ratio.
954 citations
01 Jan 1978
TL;DR: A universal, concise definition of an oceanic front is difficult to set down because the nature of fronts are best perceived through a community of characteristics.
Abstract: A universal, concise definition of an oceanic front is difficult to set down. Rather, the nature of fronts are best perceived through a community of characteristics.
607 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nation is a nation, is a state, is an ethnic group is a …. Ethnic and Racial Studies: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 377-400.
Abstract: (1978). A nation is a nation, is a state, is an ethnic group is a … . Ethnic and Racial Studies: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 377-400.
518 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that two basic types of rifting-volcanism relative timing might be related to two basic modes of rifts, i.e., volcanism and local doming predate major rift formation, while rifts form first and volcanism follows.
Abstract: It is suggested that two basic types of rifting-volcanism relative timing might be related to two basic modes of rifting. In one sequence, volcanism and, usually, local doming predate major rift formation, while in the other type, rifts form first and volcanism follows. In the first mode of rifting, the mantle plays an active role and convection 'plumes' dome up and crack the lithosphere, while in the second case, the horizontal movements of plates give rise to extension of the lithosphere and induce rifting, and the mantle is passive. Since numerous local conditions complicate this simple pattern, detailed stratigraphic/structural analysis of individual rifts is recommended.
509 citations
500 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found olivine to be the liquidus phase from 1 atm to 10.5 kbar where it is replaced by clinopyroxene.
417 citations
TL;DR: In this article, conditions on a complex function such that |h(w(z, zw′(z), z2w″(z))| 0 implies Re w(z) > 0 were given.
392 citations
TL;DR: Waterborne nutrients enter the Great Sippewissctt Marsh through groundwater, rain, and tidal flooding as discussed by the authors, and the amount of waterborne nutrients entering the marsh provides primarily ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, dissolved organic (don) and particulate (PN) nitrogen, particulate carbon (PC), and phosphate.
Abstract: Waterborne nutrients enter Great Sippewissctt Marsh through groundwater, rain, and tidal flooding. The ebb of tidal water removes nutrients. During summer, uptake by marsh biota leads to net import of nutrients. The increased export of ammonium in August may be due to leaching from senescent marsh plants. There is a net annual export of ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, dissolved organic (DON) and particulate (PN) nitrogen, particulate carbon (PC), and phosphate. Ammonium, DON, and PN are the major forms of nitrogen exported. Nutrient concentrations in coastal and marsh water are correlated, and marsh exports could contribute substantially to nutrient supplies of coastal waters. Groundwater entering the marsh provides primarily N03-N and DON. Nutrient inputs through precipitation consist primarily of DON, NO,-N, and NIIcN. Particulate materials in rain have a high C:N ratio, contributing little to enrichment of the nitrogen-limited salt marsh. Groundwater carries over 20 times the amount of nutrients brought in by rain. The nitrogen provided by both sources is more than enough to support annual plant growth. Inputs of nitrogen by groundwater are therefore important to the nitrogen economy of a salt marsh. About half the dissolved inorganic nitrogen brought into the marsh by groundwater is converted to and exported as PN. The marsh thus transforms the nitrogen that would have been used by primary producers into a form suitable for consumers such as shellfish. Large amounts of apparently refractory DON enter the marsh in groundwater and similar amounts are exported by tides. PC exported to coastal water is equivalent to 40% of the net annual production of Spartina alterniflora, the dominant marsh plant.
357 citations
354 citations
TL;DR: A new method is described for studying, reproducibly, the kinetics of crystallization of minerals under conditions of constant solution composition even at very low supersaturations, providing direct evidence for octacalcium phosphate as the precursor to hydroxyapatite precipitation at physiological pH.
Abstract: A new method is described for studying, reproducibly, the kinetics of crystallization of minerals under conditions of constant solution composition even at very low supersaturations. For calcium phosphates the method provides direct evidence for octacalcium phosphate as the precursor to hydroxyapatite precipitation at physiological pH.
TL;DR: In this paper, the same equations for partial melting and crystallization of trace elements were used to model major elements in a way similar to the quantitative petrogenetic modelling used for trace elements, however, modelling with major elements is constrained by the stoichiometry of the solid phases.
TL;DR: Assays showed that over one-half of the endosteal marrow cell population may be the colony-forming units, the CFU-S of Till and McCulloch, and high concentrations of stem cells could be obtained by means of the present isolation technique.
Abstract: Hematopoietic cells isolated from the endosteal bone surface, that is,the endosteal marrow cells, were found to consist mainly (60 to 80 percent) of lymphoid and late-stage normoblast-like cells Unlike the cells they resemble, the endosteal marrow cells showed an affinity for Sudan black, demonstrable nucleoli (Feulgen reaction), and an absence of hemoglobin Assays showed that over one-half of the endosteal marrow cell population may be the colony-forming units, the CFU-S of Till and McCulloch Thus, high concentrations of stem cells could be obtained from the endosteal bone surface by means of the present isolation technique
TL;DR: The hypothesis that iron deficiency in infants produces developmental alterations and that these changes are rapidly reversible with iron therapy is supported.
TL;DR: In this article, a new classification scheme for transition metal carbonyl cluster compounds is proposed, which is defined as those which use all available Cluster Valence Molecular Orbitals, CVMOs, Class II cluster compounds have s and p CVMO's vacant and Class III clusters have vacant dCVMOs.
Abstract: A new classification scheme for transition metal carbonyl cluster compounds is proposed. Class I clusters are defined as those which use all available Cluster Valence Molecular Orbitals, CVMOs, Class II cluster compounds have s and p CVMOs vacant and Class III clusters have vacant d CVMOs. In general the earlier transition elements to the left of the transition metal series will have more of a tendency to form Class III cluster compounds, while the later transition elements to the right of the transition series will tend to form Class II compounds. The more common Class I cluster compounds will be favored by the central Group VIII metals such as Rh. Only the Class I clusters will follow the Polyhedral Skeletal Electron Pair analogy between main group and transition metal clusters and will exhibit the “magic numbers” of Cluster Valence Electrons, CVEs.
TL;DR: In this paper, temperature and velocity fields in a round heated jet were investigated in detail, both conventional measurements and conditional measurements (zone averages and point averages) were performed, and the probability density functions of the lengths of turbulent and non-turbulent durations were also measured.
Abstract: The temperature and velocity fields in a round heated jet were investigated in detail. Both conventional measurements and conditional measurements (zone averages and point averages) were performed. The probability density functions of the lengths of turbulent and non-turbulent durations were also measured. Filtered correlation measurements show that large-scale turbulent motions were responsible for the bulk of momentum and heat transport, and also that small scales were more efficient in transporting heat than in transporting momentum. In no case was heat transported further or more than momentum, however. These results are discussed in detail, particularly with regard to the entrainment. Conservation equations for turbulent-zone variables and the intermittency factor are derived and a model for some of the resulting higher-order correlations is suggested. An exact equation for the intermittency function is presented.
TL;DR: In this article, a very young arc-continental margin collision zone in a long subduction boundary is represented by Taiwan, and the intensity of the collision decreases toward the south off the island, and an east-dipping subduction zone can be delineated there.
Abstract: Taiwan represents a very young arc-continental margin collision zone in a long subduction boundary. The collision started in Late Pliocene and is still vigorously taking place. Off coast of NE Taiwan a northward subducting slab, extending west at depth to northern Taiwan, can clearly be defined; although most parts of Taiwan have been rising steadily at about 5mm/year for the last 8, 500 years, northern Taiwan has had periods with no uplift. The intensity of the collision decreases toward the south off the island, and an east-dipping subduction zone can be delineated there. Thus Taiwan can be viewed as a transform zone in between two subduction zones with quite different geometries.Seismically Taiwan is much more active than its neighbors, the Ryukyus and Luzon. Large earthquakes reveal the nature of the intense on-going intra-plate deformation; on land, EW compression or left-lateral shear occur along NNE faults and right-lateral shear occur along nearly EW faults; offshore to the southeast of Taiwan, left-lateral shear along NWW or NW faults and thrusts in several directions coexist; to the northeast, the focal mechanisms agree well with other subduction zones. The Ryukyus are terminated at about 123° E by a number of NNE striking right-lateral faults. Focal mechanisms to the southeast of Taiwan are consistent with a tectonic stress direction of S46° E to S76° E and plunging at -2°to 15°.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the cut which is present as the leading singularity in the two-point function of the Ising field theory for $Tl{T}_{c}$ and $H=0$ breaks up into a sequence of poles for $H\ensuremath{
e}0$.
Abstract: We demonstrate that the cut which is present as the leading singularity in the two-point function of the Ising field theory for $Tl{T}_{c}$ and $H=0$ breaks up into a sequence of poles for $H\ensuremath{
e}0$. Both the positions and the residues of the low-lying poles are calculated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the second-order differential equation which describes boundary layer flow when Crocco variables are employed under several different endpoint conditions is examined under weak expansion and shock waves and for flow above a moving conveyor belt.
TL;DR: It is reported here that C- protein can also bind to F-actin, with a limiting stoichiometry of approximately one C-protein molecule per 3 to 5 actin subunits and a dissociation constant in the micromolar range at ionic strength 0·07.
TL;DR: In this article, the elastic constants of orthoenstatite have been determined from Brillouin-scattering measurements, and they are c 11 = 2.247, c 22 = 1.527, c 31 = 0.541 and c 12 = 0.724 Mbar.
TL;DR: Plants of Atriplex lentiformis had more saturated leaf lipids when grown at 43 C day/30 C night as compared to 23/18 C temperatures and this increased lipid saturation is correlated with the greater thermostability of the photosynthetic apparatus at high growth temperatures in A. Lentiformis.
Abstract: Plants of Atriplex lentiformis had more saturated leaf lipids when grown at 43 C day/30 C night as compared to 23/18 C temperatures. In monogalactosyl diglyceride, the major change was the presence of hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3) at low but not high growth temperatures. In other lipids investigated, the major change was a decrease in linolenic acid (18:3) and increases in the more saturated fatty acids at high growth temperatures. Growth temperatures had little effect on the relative proportions of the galacto- and sulfolipids in the leaf. The increased lipid saturation is correlated with the greater thermostability of the photosynthetic apparatus at high growth temperatures in A. lentiformis but any cause and effect relationship is uncertain.
TL;DR: This paper employed a variation of the Small World technique for tracing social relations in the context of a larger social structure, the instrumental uses of social relations are examined in terms of the prestige and types of relations characteristic of participants m the search process.
Abstract: Employing a variation of the Small World technique for tracing social relations in the context of a larger social structure, the instrumental uses of social relations are examined in terms of the prestige and types of relations characteristic of participants m the search process. The results show that successful chains tend to involve participants of higher occupational prestige as the chains progress before "dipping" down toward the target prestige level at the last link. Also, the successful chains tend to utilize weak and infrequent social relations rather than strong and frequent social relations.
TL;DR: In this article, a new set of basis functions is introduced, consisting of products of Fermi-surface harmonics and polynomials in the energy, which can probably be truncated at low order to high accuracy.
Abstract: A new set of basis functions is introduced, consisting of products of Fermi-surface harmonics ${F}_{J}(k)$ and polynomials ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{n}(\ensuremath{\epsilon})$ in the energy $\frac{(\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu})}{{k}_{B}T}$. The former are orthonormal on the Fermi surface, and the latter are orthonormal with weight function $\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}f}{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\epsilon}}$. In terms of this set the exact semiclassical Boltzmann equation takes a particularly simple form, giving a matrix equation which can probably be truncated at low order to high accuracy. The connection with variational methods is simple. Truncating at a 1 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 1 matrix gives the usual variational solution where ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{k}$ is assumed proportional to ${\ensuremath{
u}}_{\mathrm{kx}}$ for electrical conductivity and $(\ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\mu}){\ensuremath{
u}}_{\mathrm{kx}}$ for thermal conductivity. Explicit equations are given for the matrix elements ${Q}_{Jn,{J}^{\ensuremath{'}}{n}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ of the scattering operator for the case of phonon scattering, and a perturbation formula for $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is given which is accurate for weak anisotropy. The matrix elements are simple integrals over spectral functions ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{},J,{J}^{\ensuremath{'}})F(\ensuremath{\Omega})$ which generalize the electron-phonon spectral function ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}F(\ensuremath{\Omega})$ used in superconductivity theory. Analogies are described between Boltzmann theory and Eliashberg theory for ${T}_{c}$ of superconductors. The intimate relations between high-temperature resistance and the $s$- or $p$-wave transition temperature are made explicit.
TL;DR: In this paper, the PtOs nuclei are treated from the viewpoint of the interacting boson approximation model, in particular, as a region initiating an O(6) → rotor transition.
TL;DR: Wives' self-rated gratification scores correlated significantly with their own plasma testosterone levels, and it was found that high baseline testosterone level was significantly related to high self- rated gratification score and to ability to form good interpersonal relationships.
Abstract: Eleven couples, ages 21-31 years and married for at least 1 year, were studied intensively over a three menstrual cycle period from both an endocrine and a sexual behavioral standpoint. Each subject was interviewed individually and had a blood sample drawn twice weekly. Interviews were rated independently by two psychiatrists for degree of sexual initiation, responsivity, avoidance, couple interaction, and mood. Wives rated themselves also for degree of sexual gratification (responsivity). Plasma levels of testosterone and cortisol were determined for both husbands and wives while progesterone and estradiol levels were determined additionally for wives. Husband's initiation scores were significantly correlated with their wives responsivity (clinically rated) scores for 10 of the 11 couples; wives' initiation scores were significantly related to their husband's responsivity scores for 8 of the 11 couples. When either set of correlation coefficients was treated as a new variable and intercorrelated with the husband's average testosterone levels, a significant relationship was obtained. Intercourse frequency, while not related to either partner's average testosterone levels, was related to wives' testosterone levels at their ovulatory peaks. The wivess' self-rated gratification scores correlated significantly with their own plasma testosterone levels. Inspection of each wife's plasma testosterone profile across the three cycles indicated that a dichotomy coccurred, with some women showing a high baseline level and others showing a low baseline level. When wives were dichotomized on this basis, it was found that high baseline testosterone level was significantly related to high self-rated gratification score and to ability to form good interpersonal relationships.
TL;DR: The protease inhibitors leupeptin and pepstatin appear to delay the degeneration of muscle tissue which is characteristic of this disorder and thus may have potential therapeutic value in the treatment of muscular dystrophy.
Abstract: The protease inhibitors leupeptin and pepstatin were used in vivo in genetically dystrophic chickens to determine their effects on the histological and biochemical changes observed in this disease. These compounds appear to delay the degeneration of muscle tissue which is characteristic of this disorder and thus may have potential therapeutic value in the treatment of muscular dystrophy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of storm events on the food chain dynamics of the New York Bjght was examined using time series of wind, current, nutrients, chlorophyll, and zooplankton, and it was shown that storm-induced mixing and upwelling of nitrate may satisfy at least 33% of the productivity demand of this system.
Abstract: Time series of wind, current, nutrients, chlorophyll, and zooplankton are used to examine the effect of storm events on the food chain dynamics of the New York Bjght. Storms cause dilution of phytoplankton concentration in the vertical plane, but lead to aggregation of chlorophyll in the horizontal field. Nutrients are made available with onshore flow in response to wind events favorable for upwelling. A series of nutrient budgets suggest that storm-induced mixing and upwelling of nitrate may satisfy at least 33% of the productivity demand of this system. Examples of the biological response to storms are drawn from 20 cruises during January, March, April-May, and August-September 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1977 under mixed and stratified conditions of the water column. The interaction of storms and seasonal stratification suggests predictable structure and frequency of chlorophyll distribution across the shelf which mav influence both the survival strategies of herbivores and the loci of energy transfer to the rest of the food chain.