University of Antananarivo

About: University of Antananarivo is a education organization based out in Antananarivo, Madagascar. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Lemur. The organization has 1561 authors who have published 1703 publications receiving 30922 citations. The organization is also known as: Tananarive University & Antananarivo University.

Écologie et dynamique spatio-temporelle des mangroves au Togo

Abstract: Au Togo, l’installation des ouvrages portuaires, la construction du barrage hydroelectrique de Nangbeto, la croissance urbaine et les activites relatives a l’installation des bassins piscicoles, et l’expansion des aires de production en agriculture sont les causes majeures de la degradation drastique des mangroves. Afin de contribuer a une meilleure gestion de cet ecosysteme, une evaluation de la structure actuelle des mangroves, de leur dynamique spatio-temporelle et des enjeux socio-economiques a ete realisee. Pour ce faire, des donnees d’inventaires forestiers, d’entretiens diriges et des images Landsat de 1986 et de 2014 ont ete utilisees. Les inventaires ont permis de recenser 23 especes vegetales reparties en 23 genres et 17 familles dominees par les Rhyzophora racemosa et Avicennia germinans. La classification hierarchique des releves d’inventaire forestier a permis d’identifier trois groupements vegetaux de mangroves. Les resultats des enquetes montrent que tous les acteurs utilisent le bois provenant de la mangrove pour des besoins energetiques et de service. De 1986 a 2014, l’etat des unites d’occupation du sol de la zone d’etude a subi d’enormes mutations. Les zones inondables et les tannes ont vu leurs superficies augmentees respectivement de 39,91 % et 46,06 % tandis que le couvert de vegetation dense a perdu globalement 47,19 % (soit 829,82 ha) de sa superficie. Les pressions anthropiques seraient a l’origine de la degradation des mangroves, impactant les services ecosystemiques ainsi que leur productivite. Du fait de l’importance ecologique des mangroves, il est urgent et necessaire d’elaborer un plan d’amenagement adequat prenant en compte les realites actuelles.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Anthospermum emirnense and Anthospermum perrieri (Rubiaceae).

Abstract: The essential oils of Anthospermum emirnense Baker and Anthospermum perrieri Homolle ex Puff, obtained by hydrodistillation in 0.03 and 0.02% yield, respectively, were analyzed by GC/MS. In both cases, the major constituents consisted of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The two species showed an important qualitative similarity, with 40 compounds common to A. emirnense and A. perrieri, including β-elemene, trans-β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, and τ-cadinol, which were major components in both cases. When tested for antimicrobial activity, both essential oils showed similar profiles and exhibited interesting minimal-inhibitory-concentration (MIC) values towards Bacillus subtilis, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Flavimonas oryzihabitans, and Yersinia enterocolitica.

Validation and Identification of Invasive Salmonella Serotypes in Sub-Saharan Africa by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) cause the majority of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa; however, serotyping is rarely performed. We validated a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor (WKLM) scheme of serotyping using 110 Salmonella isolates from blood cultures of febrile children in Ghana and applied the method in other Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program study sites. In Ghana, 47 (43%) S. Typhi, 36 (33%) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, 14 (13%) Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin, and 13 (12%) Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis were identified by both multiplex PCR and the WKLM scheme separately. Using the validated multiplex PCR assay, we identified 42 (66%) S. Typhi, 14 (22%) S. Typhimurium, 2 (3%) S. Dublin, 2 (3%) S. Enteritidis, and 4 (6%) other Salmonella species from the febrile patients in Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Senegal, and Tanzania. Application of this multiplex PCR assay in sub-Saharan Africa could advance the knowledge of serotype distribution of Salmonella.