Showing papers by "University of Louisville published in 1979"
TL;DR: Employee job satisfaction and perceptions of equitable treatment are compared as separate variables relating to absence and turnover to examine the association of the two constructs in a field setting.
211 citations
TL;DR: Free vascularized fibular grafts were employed in five patients with segmental bone defects following trauma or resection of tumors of the upper extremity with excellent results in three patients and satisfactory results in two.
Abstract: Free vascularized fibular grafts were employed in five patients with segmental bone defects following trauma or resection of tumors of the upper extremity with excellent results in three patients and satisfactory results in two. No donor site morbidity was experienced. A comparison with rib and iliac crest grafts indicates that the fibula is more suitable for reconstruction of long bone defects. The advantages of this technique are stability without sacrificing viability and a shorter immobilization period with more rapid incorporation and hypertrophy of the graft. The disadvantages are prolonged operating time, difficulty in assessing patency of anastamoses in the immediate postoperative period, and sacrifice of a major vessel in the lower extremity.
159 citations
TL;DR: Growth rates of 32 primary breast cancers were determined from serial mammographic views of tumor nucleus shadows in a population of 109 cancers in a screening population of 10, 120 women receiving over 30,000 mammograms over 3 years.
Abstract: The growth rates of breast cancers are a critical aspect of the natural history of the disease. Growth rates of 32 primary breast cancers were determined from serial mammographic views of tumor nucleus shadows in a population of 109 cancers. These cancers were found in a screening population of 10, 120 women receiving over 30,000 mammograms over 3 years. Tumor volume doubling times ranged from 109 days to 944 days with mean doubling time of 325 days in 23 cases with 9 tumors showing no growth. Additional cancers surfaced that were growing too fast to be measured. These cancers were significantly more likely to metastasize but because of the small sample size the absolute percentage of tumors in that fast growing subset was not determinable but ranged between 17 and 77% of the 109 cancers.
146 citations
131 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that squamous metaplasia is the soil on which most squamous carcinomas of the cervix evolve and the relatively low frequency with which adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma in situ are encountered may be dependent on their less accessible location in the endocervix.
Abstract: It is postulated that squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and mixed adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix all have a common cell or origin, the subcolumnar reserve cell. The relative frequency with which the various types of carcinoma in situ are seen is in part explained by the ubiquitous nature of squamous metaplasia in the region of the transformation zone in women of reproductive age. It is suggested that squamous metaplasia is the soil on which most squamous carcinomas of the cervix evolve. The relatively low frequency with which adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma in situ are encountered may also be dependent on their less accessible location in the endocervix.
127 citations
TL;DR: A high degree of buffering for intelligence against the effects of nutritional deficit in the prenatal period is suggested as a possible basis for long-term size differences in monozygotic pairs.
Abstract: Height and weight measurements for a large sample of twins from birth to nine years were used to construct growth curves for this period. Compared to singletons, twins were substantially smaller at birth, particularly for weight (30% deficit), but the latter showed a dramatic recovery in the first 3 months, then smaller increments until finally reaching the singleton norms at 8 years. Height, while less depressed at birth (17% deficit), was also slower to recover during the first year, then moved in comparable increments with weight until reaching parity with singletons. Prenatal influences on birth size were largely dissipated as each twin converged on his/her genetic growth curve. Monozygotic twins became progressively more concordant with age (R = 0.94 for height), while dizygotic twins became less concordant (R = 0.49). Ten monozygotic pairs with large birth-weight differences (greater than 750 g) were examined at 6 years; the smaller twin was still significantly lighter (P less than 0.01), marginally shorter (P less than 0.10), but not significantly lower in IQ. The results suggested a high degree of buffering for intelligence against the effects of nutritional deficit in the prenatal period. Some factors in addition to placental anastomosis are suggested as a possible basis for long-term size differences in monozygotic pairs.
125 citations
TL;DR: Only slight advantages are shown for the Stapel scale in lack of leniency and the semantic differential scale in precision in a comparison of these scale approaches with the Likert one in measuring store image.
Abstract: Only slight advantages are shown for the Stapel scale in lack of leniency (high scores) and the semantic differential scale in precision (low variance) in a comparison of these scale approaches wit...
99 citations
93 citations
TL;DR: The model reaction with arginine is much faster in bicarbonate, diethylamine, or triethylamine buffer than in N-ethylmorpholine, borate, phosphate, or Tris buffer, and activation by various buffers should be taken into consideration when glyoxal derivatives are used to modify arginyl residues.
83 citations
TL;DR: It appears reasonable to assume that giant cell tumors of tendon sheath indeed are neoplasms with a malignant potential and not an inflammatory reaction of synovial cells as previously suggested.
Abstract: A benign, but aggressive, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath developed over a period of 20 years into a metasasizing, histologiclly malignant giant cell tumor. Ultrastructure of the malignant tumor showed the same five cell types as described in giant cell tumors of tendon sheath. Even the same crystals were identified in the osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells. It therefore appears reasonable to assume that giant cell tumors of tendon sheath indeed are neoplasms with a malignant potential and not an inflammatory with partial osseous differentiation. No ultrastructural similarities with fibrous histiocytoma were apparent.
78 citations
TL;DR: If reliability checks using 50 or more observation occasions produce 10% or fewer disagreements, for behavior rates from 10% through 90%, the agreement achieved is quite improbably the result of chance agreement.
Abstract: Percentage agreement measures of interobserver agreement or “reliability” have traditionally been used to summarize observer agreement from studies using interval recording, time-sampling, and trial-scoring data collection procedures. Recent articles disagree on whether to continue using these percentage agreement measures, and on which ones to use, and what to do about chance agreements if their use is continued. Much of the disagreement derives from the need to be reasonably certain we do not accept as evidence of true interobserver agreement those agreement levels which are substantially probable as a result of chance observer agreement. The various percentage agreement measures are shown to be adequate to this task, but easier ways are discussed. Tables are given to permit checking to see if obtained disagreements are unlikely due to chance. Particularly important is the discovery of a simple rule that, when met, makes the tables unnecessary. If reliability checks using 50 or more observation occasions produce 10% or fewer disagreements, for behavior rates from 10% through 90%, the agreement achieved is quite improbably the result of chance agreement.
TL;DR: A computer model has been devised which allows for the calculation of changes in thickness of the membrane at the point of fracture and suggests that the pathophysiology related to rupture is based on changes in the thickness of this tissue occurring secondary to acute and chronic stress applications.
TL;DR: Survival free of disease proved to be disappointing and underlines at present the palliative nature of this approach when the primary operation has been an adequate standard abdominoperineal operation.
Abstract: A study of 36 patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum recurrent in the perineum after Miles abdominoperineal resection defined a subgroup of 21 patients in whom curative re-excision of the perineum, with or without associated resection of viscera as warranted by operative findings, was performed Recurrence without palpable disease was disclosed microscopically in seven patients (33%) None of the 21 patients had clinical or laboratory evidence of dissemination at the time of re-excision Mortality and morbidity were low and yield in terms of pain control was excellent Results achieved in patients treated with pre- and/or postoperative radiotherapy did not differ quantitatively or qualitatively from those treated by operation alone Survival free of disease proved to be disappointing and underlines at present the palliative nature of this approach when the primary operation has been an adequate standard abdominoperineal operation This report provides further evidence as to the value of the better definition of high risk primary rectal cancers and the need for continuing refinement of the follow-up and retreatment process
TL;DR: Lymphatic spread of tumor cells is the most likely source of the zosteriform skin lesions, but other possibilities are discussed.
Abstract: A 57-year-old man presented with chest wall lesions and swelling of his left arm The rapid onset of vesicular lesions in a dermatomal distribution resulted in an initial diagnosis of herpes zoster Cutaneous biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma and further evaluation revealed a primary source of pulmonary adenocarcinoma Lymphatic spread of tumor cells is the most likely source of the zosteriform skin lesions, but other possibilities are discussed
TL;DR: In 39 critically ill patients, cimetidine was used as a prophylaxis against stress ulcers with the intent to keep the gastric pH level above 4.5, it is implied that a high-risk group of patients can be identified whose conditions may not respond tocimetidine treatment and whose gastric chemistry must be regularly monitored.
Abstract: • Stress ulcers with subsequent hemorrhage are a well-recognized cause of morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for other serious illnesses. In 39 critically ill patients, cimetidine was used as a prophylaxis against stress ulcers with the intent to keep the gastric pH level above 4. In 11 of the 39 patients, cimetidine alone did not effect consistent elevation of the gastric pH level above 4. Of the 11 patients, nine had positive blood cultures or clinical infection and five also developed renal failure. Five comatose patients never had pH greater than 4 on cimetidine alone. The mortality for those whose conditions failed to respond to cimetidine was five times greater than for those whose conditions responded to cimetidine. These data imply that a high-risk group of patients can be identified whose conditions may not respond to cimetidine treatment and whose gastric pH must be regularly monitored. (Arch Surg114:492-496, 1979)
TL;DR: Electrical responses of the retinas of 4 species of microchiropteran bats stimulated by spectrally restricted light flashes were found to diverge systematically from the rhodopsin absorption spectrum.
Abstract: Electrical responses of the retinas of 4 species of microchiropteran bats stimulated by spectrally restricted light flashes were found to diverge systematically from the rhodopsin absorption spectrum. The divergence was progressively greater across the 4 species. The results appeared explainable by assuming a second photoreceptor class and photopigment which was present in progressively greater numbers in the retinas ofEptesicus fuscus, Desmodus rotundus, Artibeus jamaicensis andCarollia perspicillata.
TL;DR: The data suggest that gonadotropin and prostaglandins bind to nuclei and that this binding was intrinsic and was primarily associated with the nuclear membrane.
TL;DR: The fact that selenium is incorporated in substantial amounts into a discrete and stable protein suggests a physiological role for this essential trace element in the testes.
TL;DR: The immunopathologic response of guinea pigs to sensitization with retinal ‘s’ antigen has a biphasic character that is dose-dependent and at low dose levels, a non-necrotizing posterior segment inflamma is observed.
Abstract: The immunopathologic response of guinea pigs to sensitization with retinal ‘s’ antigen has a biphasic character that is dose-dependent. At low dose levels, a non-necrotizing posterior segment inflamma
TL;DR: The topography and distribution of the epithelia of the vomeronasal organ were investigated in the adult male rat and the authors propose to call this epithelium as “receptor-free” rather than respiratory, non-sensory or ciliated.
Abstract: The topography and distribution of the epithelia of the vomeronasal organ were investigated in the adult male rat. Special attention was given to the light and transmission electron microscopic structure of the area that is known to be free of receptor cells. In contrast to several brief descriptions in which many cell types have been reported, only one cell type is presently described in different functional phases. In the rat, this epithelium does not show the typical features of a respiratory or, in more general terms, non-sensory epithelium. The authors propose to call this epithelium as “receptor-free” rather than respiratory, non-sensory or ciliated. The importance of the vomeronasal organ in the maintenance of olfacto-endocrine mechanisms and reproductive behavior is discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, three numerical characteristic networks of varying complexity are tested for accuracy and stability with flow problems that involve both subcritical and supercritical flow, and the most accurate numerical network is applied to the computation of a highly two-dimensional wave propagating on a dry bed.
Abstract: For two-dimensional unsteady flow in shallow water, real characteristic surfaces exist. Their envelope is a quadric conoid, whose curvilinear rays serve as paths for the transmission of information in t-x-y space. The original equations of flow can be reduced along these rays, called bicharacteristics to equations containing differentiation in one less direction. Simplified numerical methods can be developed, utilizing this property of the equations, that are superior to both finite difference and finite element techniques. Three numerical characteristic networks of varying complexity are tested for accuracy and stability with flow problems that involve both subcritical and supercritical flow. The solution proceeds in specified time intervals by extending the bicharacteristics backwards until they intersect a plane on which the flow conditions can be found by interpolation from known data. Finally, the most accurate numerical network is applied to the computation of a highly two-dimensional wave propagating on a dry bed.
TL;DR: The feasibility, advantages and relative efficiency of using this recursive representation of a tree T with M vertices to design algorithms on trees is discussed.
TL;DR: This article analyzes cesarean hysterectomies performed at Louisville General Hospital on clinic patients for the 25 year period 1953 through 1977, and changing trends regarding the place in obstetrics over the years are evaluated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the contribution of preview to the performance of open tasks is pointed out and sensory anticipation and perceptual anticipation are discussed as components of preview, and a case is made for regarding the blind pedestrian's task as a typical example of an open task.
Abstract: The contribution of preview to the performance of open tasks is pointed out, and sensory anticipation and perceptual anticipation are discussed as components of preview. A case is then made for regarding the blind pedestrian's task as a typical example of an open task. Next, there is a review of research in which the contribution of preview to the performance of open tasks has been observed under controlled conditions. Preview has not been the variable of primary interest in the studies of the performance of blind pedestrians reported so far. However, some experiments have provided indications of the importance of preview, and these experiments are reviewed. The article concludes by urging the necessity of understanding preview, so that its contribution to the performance of blind pedestrians can be taken into account in the formulation of mobility training programs and the design of mobility aids.
TL;DR: The review critically examines the three major ontogenetic principles of Clark's theory in light of numerous recent findings, many of which are at variance in some major way with predictions from the theory.
TL;DR: The evidence in this study supports the concept that mandibular morphology is the result of the action of compensative adaption in a developing structure and there appears to be an implied polygenic influence on symphyseal morphology operating from the cartilaginous cranial base andMandibular basilar bone.
Abstract: This study evaluated the proportion of the external chin (protuberantia mentalia) in relation to the total symphyseal area in normal jaws and those with a diverse morphology. A sample of 60 cases was randomly selected and divided into three groups of 20 each on the basis of normal growth, horizontal growth and vertical growth with an open bite. Tracings of lateral dn frontal radiographs were used to describe general mandibular form and to determine the percentage of external/total symphyseal area. Dental casts were also examined to determine a basal arch form ratio. The results of this study indicate that the amount of bony chin present is related to certain morphologic features of the mandible. The most significant findings illustrate: 1. The chin increases in size as the mandibular type varies from a vertical type, to a normal type, to a horizontal type of growth pattern. 2. With dental "hypofunction" in combination with an exaggerated vertical development of the mandible, a smaller proportion of the protruding chin is present. 3. The chin increases in size as the mandibular basal arch form varies from a tapered shape for the vertical cases to a more square form in the horizontal cases. 4. The degree of lateral ramal flair does not appear to influence the proportion of protruding chin present. Several models have been presented which attempt to explain protuberantia mentalia variation. The evidence in this study supports the concept that mandibular morphology is the result of the action of compensative adaption in a developing structure. There appears to be an implied polygenic influence on symphyseal morphology operating from the cartilaginous cranial base and mandibular basilar bone. This may be manifested in the relative proportion of mandibular basal bone to cranial base width, and to the vector of cranial base growth. The ultimate proportion of the bony chin is viewed to be the result of mandibular adaption to a functional musculoskeletal balance in the craniofacial complex. The extreme variability of chin form in man may be considered to be the result of compensative growth developing in response to the most structurally efficient jaw form, the contiguous soft and hard tissue environment, and the intrinsic genotype of the mandible.
TL;DR: The limits of the disagreement bandwidth help assess the believability of claimed experimental effects: those leaving no overlap between disagreement ranges are probably believable, others are not.
Abstract: Interval by interval reliability has been criticized for “inflating” observer agreement when target behavior rates are very low or very high Scored interval reliability and its converse, unscored interval reliability, however, vary as target behavior rates vary when observer disagreement rates are constant These problems, along with the existence of “chance” values of each reliability which also vary as a function of response rate, may cause researchers and consumers difficulty in interpreting observer agreement measures Because each of these reliabilities essentially compares observer disagreements to a different base, it is suggested that the disagreement rate itself be the first measure of agreement examined, and its magnitude relative to occurrence and to nonoccurrence agreements then be considered This is easily done via a graphic presentation of the disagreement range as a bandwidth around reported rates of target behavior Such a graphic presentation summarizes all the information collected during reliability assessments and permits visual determination of each of the three reliabilities In addition, graphing the “chance” disagreement range around the bandwidth permits easy determination of whether or not true observer agreement has likely been demonstrated Finally, the limits of the disagreement bandwidth help assess the believability of claimed experimental effects: those leaving no overlap between disagreement ranges are probably believable, others are not
TL;DR: It is thought that screening intervals for periodic mammographic screening for breast cancer should be individualized to each patient according to risk factors and suspicious mammographic findings.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to consider the time interval for periodic mammographic screening for breast cancer. One hundred fifteen breast cancers occurring in 10,128 women receiving over 30,000 mammograms over a four year period were reviewed. Tumors were diagnosed at three time intervals: 1) first screening (39/115); 2) annual examination (27/115); and 3) at an examination that occurred less than twelve months from a previous annual examination (10/115). Also, there were tumors that grew to palpable dimensions and were self-detected between annual examinations (39/115). Our opinion is that screening intervals should be individualized to each patient according to risk factors and suspicious mammographic findings. Further, there is a significant number of breast cancers that grow too fast to be detected effectively by annual mammography. Suspicious mammographic findings did not exist before these cancers reached palpable dimensions. Other risk factors characterizing the hosts who develop these fast growing cancers are yet to be determined. Cancer 43:857–862, 1979.
TL;DR: The behavioral correlates of these and other neurotoxic effects of methyl chloride suggest that a gradual behavioral degradation occurs, and adequate methods to assess subclinical neurological and behavioral changes must be effectively developed.
Abstract: A large number of reports have been devoted to the physiologic and toxic effects of methyl chloride, many of which are based on case histories involving occupational exposure. The detrimental actions of methyl chloride on the central and peripheral nervous systems are well established effects. It is a moderately severe narcotic and potentially severe nerve poison. Chronic intoxication is associated with damage to the central nervous system (CNS), kidneys, liver, bone marrow, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and intestinal tract. The signs and symptoms range from the more severe medical dysfunctions such as cardiac irregularities, respiratory paralysis, nerve degeneration, and severe convulsions to the more subtle clinical observations such as CNS depression, nervousness and emotional instability, insomnia and anorexia, ataxia, blurred vision, light-headedness, nausea, dizziness, narcosis, and disorientation. The behavioral correlates of these and other neurotoxic effects of methyl chloride suggest that a gradual behavioral degradation occurs. Pharmacodynamic studies have shown the compound to be rapidly absorbed by the blood with most authors attributing the toxicity to an enzyme-catalyzed methylation reaction in the body. Despite the fact that several investigators have attempted to correlate such biological responses of methyl chloride with its toxicity, the present knowledge of the problem still lacks a detailed mechanism of action. Until such mechanisms are verified, adequate methods to assess subclinical neurological and behavioral changes must be effectively developed.