Institution
University of Manitoba
Education•Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada•
About: University of Manitoba is a education organization based out in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 31888 authors who have published 66592 publications receiving 2095493 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: Environmental factors add a substantial level of complexity to the understanding of IBD pathogenesis but also promote the fundamental notion that complex diseases such as IBD require complex therapies that go well beyond the current single-agent treatment approach.
Abstract: A number of environmental factors have been associated with the development of IBD. Alteration of the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, is closely linked to initiation or progression of IBD, but whether dysbiosis is a primary or secondary event is unclear. Nevertheless, early-life events such as birth, breastfeeding and exposure to antibiotics, as well as later childhood events, are considered potential risk factors for IBD. Air pollution, a consequence of the progressive contamination of the environment by countless compounds, is another factor associated with IBD, as particulate matter or other components can alter the host's mucosal defences and trigger immune responses. Hypoxia associated with high altitude is also a factor under investigation as a potential new trigger of IBD flares. A key issue is how to translate environmental factors into mechanisms of IBD, and systems biology is increasingly recognized as a strategic tool to unravel the molecular alterations leading to IBD. Environmental factors add a substantial level of complexity to the understanding of IBD pathogenesis but also promote the fundamental notion that complex diseases such as IBD require complex therapies that go well beyond the current single-agent treatment approach. This Review describes the current conceptualization, evidence, progress and direction surrounding the association of environmental factors with IBD.
475 citations
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TL;DR: Annually, a small but significant portion of motor-vehicle collisions, costs, and deaths are related to OSAS and treatment of OSAS benefits both the patient and the public.
Abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Drivers suffering from obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have an increased risk for being involved in motor-vehicle collisions. This study estimates, for the first time, the annual OSAS-related collisions, costs, and fatalities in the United States and performs a cost-benefit analysis of treating drivers suffering from OSAS with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). DESIGN: The MEDLINE-PubMed database (1980 to 2003) was searched for information on OSAS. A meta-analysis was performed of studies investigating the relationship between collisions and OSAS. Data from the National Safety Council were used to estimate OSAS-related collisions, costs, and fatalities and their reduction with treatment. Next, the annual cost of treating OSAS with CPAP was calculated. Finally, multiple 1-way sensitivity analyses were performed. SETTING: N/A. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: N/A. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: More than 800,000 drivers were involved in OSAS-related motor-vehicle collisions in the year 2000. These collisions cost 15.9 billion dollars and 1,400 lives in the year 2000. In the United States, treating all drivers suffering from OSAS with CPAP would cost 3.18 billion dollars, save 11.1 billion dollars in collision costs, and save 980 lives annually. CONCLUSION: Annually, a small but significant portion of motor-vehicle collisions, costs, and deaths are related to OSAS. With CPAP treatment, most of these collisions, costs, and deaths can be prevented. Treatment of OSAS benefits both the patient and the public.
475 citations
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TL;DR: Volatiles may play an important role in the inhibition of sclerotial activity, limiting ascospore production, and reducing disease levels, suggesting their potential role in biological control.
Abstract: Bacteria, isolated from canola and soybean plants, produced antifungal organic volatile compounds. These compounds inhibited sclerotia and ascospore germination, and mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, in vitro and in soil tests. Ascospore germination in cavity slides was inhibited 54‐90% by the volatile producers. When mycelial plugs or the sclerotia, exposed to these volatiles, were transferred to fresh agar plates, the pathogen could not grow, indicating the fungicidal nature of the volatiles. Head space volatiles, produced by bacteria, were trapped with activated charcoal, by passing nitrogen continuously over shake cultures for 48 h. The compounds were eluted from the charcoal with methylene chloride and identified using Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS). The volatile compounds included aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and sulfides. Of the 23 compounds assayed for antifungal activity in divided Petri plates, with filter-disks soaked with these compounds (100 and 150 ml), only six compounds completely inhibited mycelial growth or sclerotia formation, suggesting their potential role in biological control. The compounds are benzothiazole, cyclohexanol, n-decanal, dimethyl trisulfide, 2-ethyl 1-hexanol, and nonanal. Volatiles may play an important role in the inhibition of sclerotial activity, limiting ascospore production, and reducing disease levels. Studies are under way to understand this phenomenon under field conditions. This is the first report on the identification and use of bacterial antifungal organic volatiles in biocontrol. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
474 citations
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TL;DR: It is suggested that the mechanism of muscle-cell necrosis in various muscle diseases is explained by an increased net influx of calcium into cells which triggers a "vicious cycle" of mitochondrial calcium overloading and energy depletion.
474 citations
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TL;DR: Montelukast improves morning FEV1 in 6- to 14-year-old children with chronic asthma, and this is the first study of its kind to study children younger than 12 years with asthma using a leukotriene receptor antagonist.
Abstract: Context.—Leukotrienes are important mediators of asthma by causing bronchoconstriction,
mucous secretion, and increased vascular permeability. Studies using compounds
that block leukotrienes have demonstrated improvement in asthma control in
adults and adolescents, but children younger than 12 years, for whom asthma
is the most common chronic disease, have not been studied.Objective.—To determine the clinical effect of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor
antagonist, in 6- to 14-year-old children with asthma.Design.—Eight-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study.Setting.—Forty-seven outpatient centers at private practices and academic medical
centers in the United States and Canada.Patients.—A total of 336 children with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between 50% to 85% of the predicted value, at least 15% reversibility
after inhaled β-agonist administration, a minimal predefined level of
daytime asthma symptoms, and daily β-agonist use. Concomitant inhaled
corticosteroids at a constant daily dose were used by 39% of patients receiving
montelukast and 33% receiving placebo.Intervention.—After a 2-week placebo run-in period, patients received either montelukast
(5-mg chewable tablet) or matching-image placebo once daily at bedtime for
8 weeks.Main Outcome Measure.—Morning FEV1 percent change from baseline.Results.—Mean morning FEV1 increased from 1.85 L to 2.01 L in the
montelukast group and from 1.85 L to 1.93 L in the placebo group. This represents
an 8.23% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.33% to 10.13%) increase from baseline
in the montelukast group and a 3.58% (95% CI, 1.29% to 5.87%) increase from
baseline in the placebo group (P<.001 for montelukast
vs placebo).Conclusion.—Montelukast improves morning FEV1 in 6- to 14-year-old children
with chronic asthma.
473 citations
Authors
Showing all 32123 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
Peer Bork | 206 | 697 | 245427 |
David A. Weitz | 178 | 1038 | 114182 |
Yang Yang | 171 | 2644 | 153049 |
Robert E. W. Hancock | 152 | 775 | 88481 |
Peter B. Jones | 145 | 1857 | 94641 |
Peter Lang | 140 | 1136 | 98592 |
James J. Gross | 139 | 529 | 100206 |
Steven J.M. Jones | 137 | 594 | 146609 |
Rajkumar Buyya | 133 | 1066 | 95164 |
Jeff A. Sloan | 129 | 656 | 65308 |
Dafna D. Gladman | 129 | 1036 | 75273 |
Murray B. Stein | 128 | 745 | 89513 |
Robert W. Heath | 128 | 1049 | 73171 |
Jürgen Rehm | 126 | 1132 | 116037 |