University of Manitoba

About: University of Manitoba is a education organization based out in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 31888 authors who have published 66592 publications receiving 2095493 citations.

Response to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury involves Bnip3 and autophagy.

Abstract: Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with extensive loss of cardiac myocytes. Bnip3 is a mitochondrial pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein which is expressed in the adult myocardium. To investigate if Bnip3 plays a role in I/R injury, we generated a TAT-fusion protein encoding the carboxyl terminal transmembrane deletion mutant of Bnip3 (TAT-Bnip3ΔTM) which has been shown to act as a dominant negative to block Bnip3-induced cell death. Perfusion with TAT-Bnip3ΔTM conferred protection against I/R injury, improved cardiac function, and protected mitochondrial integrity. Moreover, Bnip3 induced extensive fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and increased autophagy in HL-1 myocytes. 3D rendering of confocal images revealed fragmented mitochondria inside autophagosomes. Enhancement of autophagy by ATG5 protected against Bnip3-mediated cell death, whereas inhibition of autophagy by ATG5K130R enhanced cell death. These results suggest that Bnip3 contributes to I/R injury which triggers a protective stress response with upregulation of autophagy and removal of damaged mitochondria.

Mortality and Reoperation after Open and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Abstract: As part of an ongoing effort to evaluate alternative treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia, we compared the outcomes of transurethral resection of the prostate with those of open prostatectomy. Men undergoing prostatectomy in Denmark (n = 36,703), Oxfordshire, England (n = 5284), and Manitoba, Canada (n = 12,090), were identified retrospectively through administrative data and followed for up to eight years. The cumulative percentage of patients undergoing a second prostatectomy was substantially higher after transurethral than after open prostatectomy (12.0 vs. 4.5 percent in Denmark, 12.0 vs. 1.8 percent in Oxfordshire, and 15.5 vs. 4.2 percent in Manitoba). The long-term age-specific mortality rates associated with transurethral prostatectomy as compared with open prostatectomy were also elevated in each country. The data on 1650 Canadian patients were used to investigate the contribution of coexisting morbid conditions to the elevated risk of death. The relative risk was 1.45 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.83) before risk adjustment and 1.45 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.84) after adjustment; the higher mortality was seen among low-risk as well as high-risk patients. These findings suggest that transurethral prostatectomy is less effective in overcoming urinary obstruction than the open operation. Our data also raise the possibility that transurethral prostatectomy may result in higher long-term mortality, although we cannot rule out potential confounding effects of unmeasured characteristics of patients.

The Influence and Value of Analogical Thinking During New Product Ideation

Abstract: Although both the academic and the trade literature have widely acknowledged the need to foster the development of more-innovative products, little empirical research has examined the cognitive processes underlying the creation of these novel product concepts. In this research, three empirical studies examine how analogical thinking influences the idea-generation stage of the new product development process. The first study uses the verbal protocols of real-world industrial designers to trace the role of analogy in the context of a new product development task, and the second and third studies use an experimental approach to assess the effectiveness of different ideation strategies and conditions. Findings from these studies indicate that the originality of the resulting product design is influenced by the extent of analogical transfer, the type of analogies used, and the presence of external primes. In addition, these studies reveal a positive relationship between the originality of the product ...

The Top 10 oomycete pathogens in molecular plant pathology

Abstract: Oomycetes form a deep lineage of eukaryotic organisms that includes a large number of plant pathogens which threaten natural and managed ecosystems. We undertook a survey to query the community for their ranking of plant-pathogenic oomycete species based on scientific and economic importance. In total, we received 263 votes from 62 scientists in 15 countries for a total of 33 species. The Top 10 species and their ranking are: (1) Phytophthora infestans; (2, tied) Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis; (2, tied) Phytophthora ramorum; (4) Phytophthora sojae; (5) Phytophthora capsici; (6) Plasmopara viticola; (7) Phytophthora cinnamomi; (8, tied) Phytophthora parasitica; (8, tied) Pythium ultimum; and (10) Albugo candida. This article provides an introduction to these 10 taxa and a snapshot of current research. We hope that the list will serve as a benchmark for future trends in oomycete research.