University of Manitoba

About: University of Manitoba is a education organization based out in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 31888 authors who have published 66592 publications receiving 2095493 citations.

Use of Simulation in Teaching and Learning in Health Sciences: A Systematic Review

Abstract: The use of simulation as an educational tool is becoming increasingly prevalent in health care practice. Institutions have adopted simulations to help educate their students and health care professionals; however, intervention effectiveness evaluation continues to be an area requiring research. With use of this technology, it has become necessary to evaluate this method of educating health care professionals. As simulation use has increased, so has the literature related to evaluation of the innovative teaching method. A systematic review of the literature examined the effectiveness of simulation as a teaching tool. The aim was to evaluate current literature on the use of clinical simulation in health care education. The findings identify themes in the evaluation literature, highlight gaps in the literature as it pertains to evaluating the effectiveness of using simulations as a teaching tool, and support the need for further research into the evaluation of simulation as a teaching tool.

A demonstration of gaze following in 3- to 6-month-olds

Abstract: An adult, with a puppet held at shoulder height on either side (within the infant's visual field), interacted with 3- to-6-month-olds, turning her head intermittently to talk to a puppet. Seventy- three percent of infants' first eye-turns were in the direction of the adult head-turn.

Vaginal bacteria modify HIV tenofovir microbicide efficacy in African women

Abstract: Antiretroviral-based strategies for HIV prevention have shown inconsistent results in women We investigated whether vaginal microbiota modulated tenofovir gel microbicide efficacy in the CAPRISA (Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa) 004 trial Two major vaginal bacterial community types—one dominated by Lactobacillus (592%) and the other where Gardnerella vaginalis predominated with other anaerobic bacteria (408%)—were identified in 688 women profiled Tenofovir reduced HIV incidence by 61% ( P = 0013) in Lactobacillus- dominant women but only 18% ( P = 0644) in women with non- Lactobacillus bacteria, a threefold difference in efficacy Detectible mucosal tenofovir was lower in non- Lactobacillus women, negatively correlating with G vaginalis and other anaerobic bacteria, which depleted tenofovir by metabolism more rapidly than target cells convert to pharmacologically active drug This study provides evidence linking vaginal bacteria to microbicide efficacy through tenofovir depletion via bacterial metabolism

Knowledge, Learning and the Evolution of Conservation Practice for Social-Ecological System Resilience

Abstract: There are two broadly conceptualized ways in which conservation knowledge may evolve: the depletion crisis model and the ecological understanding model. The first one argues that developing conservation thought and practice depends on learning that resources are depletable. Such learning typically follows a resource crisis. The second mechanism emphasizes the development of conservation practices following the incremental elaboration of environmental knowledge by a group of people. These mechanisms may work together. Following a perturbation, a society can self-organize, learn and adapt. The self-organizing process, facilitated by knowledge development and learning, has the potential to increase the resilience (capability to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change) of resource use systems. Hence, conservation knowledge can develop through a combination of long-term ecological understanding and learning from crises and mistakes. It has survival value, as it increases the resilience of integrated social--ecological systems to deal with change in ways that continue to sustain both peoples and their environments.