Showing papers by "University of North Carolina at Wilmington published in 2001"
TL;DR: This paper found that preferred work status mattered more to part-time workers than to full-time in terms of helping and voice, and that preferred status was equally important to both full-Time and parttime workers.
Abstract: This survey-based field study of 257 service employees developed and tested a model of differences in the organizational citizenship behavior of full-time and part-time employees based on social exchange theory. Questionnaire data from matched pairs of employees and their supervisors demonstrated that part-time employees exhibited less helping organizational citizenship behavior than full-time employees, but there was no difference in their voice behavior. We also predicted that both preferred work status (an individual factor) and organizational culture (a contextual factor) would moderate the relationships between work status and citizenship. For helping, results demonstrated that preferred status mattered more to part-time workers than to full-time. For voice, preferred work status was equally important to part-time and full-time workers, such that voice was high only when actual status matched preferred status. Contrary to our expectations, work status made more of a difference in both helping and voice in less bureaucratic organizations. We discuss the implications of work status for social exchange relationships, differences in the social exchange costs and benefits of helping compared to voice, and ramifications of our findings for future research. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
371 citations
TL;DR: The proposed algorithm is particularly effective when the facility reopening and closing costs are relatively significant in the multi-period problem, and can be implemented to solve the composite problem.
168 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest that waterborne microbial pathogen abundance can be minimized in urbanizing coastal areas through reduced use of impervious surfaces and maximal use of natural or constructed wetlands for passive stormwater runoff treatment.
Abstract: Coastal areas in the United States and many other countries are considered to be desirable regions to live and recreate. However, as human use of coastal land and water increases, so does the incidence of aquatic-borne disease from contact with contaminated water and eating contaminated shellfish. Movement of humans into coastal areas both greatly increases the number of sources of microbial pathogens and radically alters the landscape through increased construction activity and paving of former natural areas. On a regional scale, increases in human population over a 14-year period in coastal North Carolina were strongly correlated with increases in shellfish bed closures due to high fecal coliform bacterial counts. On a watershed scale, an analysis of several tidal creeks found strong correlations between mean estuarine fecal coliform bacterial counts and watershed population, percent developed area and especially with percent impervious surface coverage. Conversion of natural landscapes to impervious surfaces (roads, drives, sidewalks, parking lots and roofs) removes the land’s natural filtration capability, allows for increased concentration of pollutants at the land’s surface and provides a means of rapid conveyance of pollutants to downstream waterways. An analysis of rural watersheds in the Coastal Plain found that stream fecal coliform counts and turbidity were both strongly correlated with rainfall in the previous 24 h in watersheds containing extensive industrial swine and poultry operations, as well as watersheds containing more traditional agriculture and cattle husbandry. In contrast, in watersheds rich in swamp wetlands these relationships were not significant, even in watersheds containing extensive animal production. Based on these findings, we suggest that waterborne microbial pathogen abundance can be minimized in urbanizing coastal areas through reduced use of impervious surfaces and maximal use of natural or constructed wetlands for passive stormwater runoff treatment. In animal husbandry areas, retention of natural wetlands and management practices designed to minimize sediment runoff can likely reduce inputs of pathogenic microbes into streams.
157 citations
TL;DR: The proposed dimensions of culturally competent care are caring, cultural sensitivity, cultural knowledge, and cultural skills, and this model focuses on the relationship between cultural competence and health outcomes for culturally diverse populations.
Abstract: A model for the delivery of culturally competent community care
Aim. To describe the proposed Culturally Competent Community Care (CCCC) model, and the process of development and testing of the model.
Background. Community health nurses are challenged to provide culturally competent care in all types of communities. However, existing models have not provided community nurses with specific guidelines, and none attempt to explain the effects of culturally competent care on populations in community settings. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model that is comprehensive in its description of the dimensions of culturally competent care in community-based settings and that also requires a focus on ethnic populations. The model is essential for reducing racial and ethnic health disparities.
Methods. Based on literature review and concept analysis, three constructs of the Culturally Competent Community Care Model were developed. Two of the constructs, the health care system and health outcomes, were developed based on a literature review. The main construct of the model, cultural competence, was developed after a concept analysis, following the development and testing of the Cultural Competence Scale (CCS). Interviews with eight community health nurses and a survey by five community nurse experts were conducted in order to refine and confirm the dimensions of cultural competence and its impact on health outcomes.
Conclusions. The proposed dimensions of culturally competent care are caring, cultural sensitivity, cultural knowledge, and cultural skills. This model focuses on the relationship between cultural competence and health outcomes for culturally diverse populations. The framework provides specific guidelines for community nurses in developing and assessing cultural competence and meeting the health needs of diverse communities.
139 citations
TL;DR: Across these phylogenetically diverse taxa (cetaceans, penguins, and pinnipeds), the final stage of postnatal development of myoglobin occurs during the initiation of independent foraging, regardless of whether development takes place at sea or on land.
Abstract: Myoglobin is an important oxygen store for supporting aerobic diving in endotherms, yet little is known about its role during postnatal development. Therefore, we compared the postnatal development of myoglobin in marine endotherms that develop at sea (cetaceans) to those that develop on land (penguins and pinnipeds). We measured myoglobin concentrations in the major locomotor muscles of mature and immature bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) and compared the data to previously reported values for northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Neonatal dolphins, penguins, and seals lack the myoglobin concentrations required for prolonged dive durations, having 10%, 9%, and 31% of adult values, respectively. Myoglobin contents increased significantly during subsequent development. The increases in myoglobin content with age may correspond to increases in activity levels, thermal demands, and time spent in apnea during swimming and diving. Across these phylogenetically diverse taxa (cetaceans, penguins, and pinnipeds), the final stage of postnatal development of myoglobin occurs during the initiation of independent foraging, regardless of whether development takes place at sea or on land.
114 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce a handful of evaluation and measurement techniques that help students assimilate well-integrated, strongly cohesive frameworks of interrelated concepts as a way of facilitating real understanding of natural phenomena.
Abstract: This paper discusses several new assessment strategies that encourage meaningful learning and conceptual understanding in the biological sciences. Our purpose is to introduce a handful of evaluation and measurement techniques that help students assimilate well-integrated, strongly cohesive frameworks of interrelated concepts as a way of facilitating ‘real understanding’ of natural phenomena. Among these methods are concept maps, V diagrams, SemNet software, image-based test items, clinical interviews, portfolios, written products, performance measures, and conceptual diagnostic tests. Evidence suggests that these methods are most useful at highlighting ‘alternative conceptions’ and assisting students who wish to ‘learn how to learn’.
112 citations
TL;DR: The strengths perspective challenges our personal and professional conventions, our habits of the mind as discussed by the authors, and challenges our cultural and professional traditions that assume that truth is discovered only by looking at underlying and often hidden meanings that only professional understanding and expertise can decipher and amend.
Abstract: The strengths perspective challenges our personal and professional conventions, our habits of the mind. Shifting from the world of traditional practice to that of a strengths frame challenges our cultural and professional traditions that assume that truth is discovered only by looking at underlying and often hidden meanings that only professional understanding and expertise can decipher and amend. This paper explores this challenge as necessary if practitioners are to truly embrace a practice based upon strengths, resilience, and empowerment.
111 citations
TL;DR: The authors used longitudinal data and structural equation modeling to compare the selection and influence effects among a large representative sample of adults and found that social selection effects are substantially stronger than social influence effects.
110 citations
TL;DR: This paper showed that rainwater Fe(II)(aq) is stable against oxidation for more than 4 h in seawater and Fe(III) is protected against rapid precipitation when added to coastal or oligotrophic seawater.
104 citations
TL;DR: Compared with the control creek, the post-clearcut Goshen Swamp displayed significantly higher suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and fecal coliform bacteria, and significantly lower dissolved oxygen over a 15 month period.
102 citations
TL;DR: The geologic framework and surficial morphology of the shoreface and inner continental shelf off the Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, barrier island were mapped using high-resolution sidescan-sonar, bathymetric, and seismic-reflection surveying techniques, a suite of over 200 diver vibracores, and extensive seafloor observations by divers as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The geologic framework and surficial morphology of the shoreface and inner continental shelf off the Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina, barrier island were mapped using high-resolution sidescan-sonar, bathymetric, and seismic-reflection surveying techniques, a suite of over 200 diver vibracores, and extensive seafloor observations by divers. The inner shelf is a sediment-starved, active surface of marine erosion; modern sediments, where present, form a patchy veneer over Tertiary and Quaternary units. The lithology of the underlying units exerts a primary control on the distribution, texture, and composition of surficial sediments, as well as inner-shelf bathymetry. The shoreface is dominated by a linear, cross-shore morphology of rippled scour depressions (RSDs) extending from just seaward of the surf zone onto the inner shelf. On the upper shoreface, the RSDs are incised up to 1 m below surrounding areas of fine sand, and have an asymmetric cross section that is steeper-sided to the north. On the inner shelf, the RSDs have a similar but more subdued cross-sectional profile. The depressions are floored primarily by shell hash and quartz gravel. Vibracore data show a thick (up to 1.5 m) sequence of RSD sediments that unconformably overlies ancient coastal lithosomes. In this sediment-starved inner shelf setting, rippled scour depressions probably form initially on preexisting coarse-sediment substrates such as modern lag deposits of paleofluvial channel lithosomes or ancient tidal inlet thalwegs. Interannual observations of seafloor morphologic change and the longer-term record contained in vibracores suggest that the present seafloor morphology is either relatively stable or represents a recurring, preferential morphologic state to which the seafloor returns after storm-induced perturbations. The apparent stability is interpreted to be the result of interactions at several scales that contribute to a repeating, self-reinforcing pattern of forcing and sedimentary response which ultimately causes the RSDs to be maintained as sediment-starved bedforms responding to both along-shore and across-shore flows. Sediment accumulation from over 30 years of extensive beach nourishment at Wrightsville Beach appears to have exceeded the local shoreface accommodation space, resulting in the "leaking" of beach and shoreface sediment to the inner shelf. A macroscopically identifiable beach nourishment sediment on the shoreface and inner shelf was used to identify the decadal-scale pattern of sediment dispersal. The nourishment sediment is present in a seaward-thinning wedge that extends from the beach over a kilometer onto the inner shelf to waters depths of 14 m. This wedge is best developed offshore of the shoreline segment that has received the greatest volume of beach nourishment.
TL;DR: It is shown that the proportion of a spawn settling in response to uninhabited biofilm is highly heritable, and artificial selection was ineffectual at sequentially increasing theportion of founder larvae among inbred family lines, but after three generations of selection, the proportion was significantly higher among inbreeding lines than among the field-collected parents.
Abstract: Theory predicts that selection should favor genotypes that can vary their tendency to disperse in habitats that are spatially or temporally variable or those that remain near their carrying capacity. Although many marine habitats appear to fit these criteria, confirmed examples of dispersal polymorphism among marine invertebrates are exceedingly rare. Competent larvae of the gregarious tubeworm, Hydroides dianthus, settle specifically in response to living conspecific worms, but a small proportion of each spawn settle nonspecifically on uninhabited substrata concurrently with their gregarious siblings. Here, using a parental half-sib analysis, we show that the proportion of a spawn settling in response to uninhabited biofilm is highly heritable. When estimated as a continuous trait based on a one-way ANOVA, heritability is estimated to be 0.83 ± 0.31. When founder production was analyzed as a threshold trait, heritability was estimated to be 0.68 ± 0.10 based on the breeding design experiment and...
TL;DR: Clonal growth and symbiosis with photosynthetic zooxanthellae typify many genera of marine organisms, suggesting that these traits are usually conserved, but some, like Anthopleura, contain members lacking one or both of these traits.
Abstract: Clonal growth and symbiosis with photosynthetic zooxanthellae typify many genera of marine organisms, suggesting that these traits are usually conserved. However, some, such as Anthopleura, a genus of sea anemones, contain members lacking one or both of these traits. The evolutionary origins of these traits in 13 species of Anthopleura were inferred from a molecular phylogeny derived from 395 bp of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and 410 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit III gene. Sequences from these genes were combined and analyzed by maximum-parsimony, maximum-likelihood, and neighbor-joining methods. Best trees from each method indicated a minimum of four changes in growth mode and that symbiosis with zooxanthellae has arisen independently in eastern and western Pacific species. Alternative trees in which species sharing growth modes or the symbiotic condition were constrained to be monophyletic were significantly worse than best trees. Although clade composition was mostly consistent with geographic sympatry, A. artemisia from California was included in the western Pacific clade. Likewise, A. midori from Japan was not placed in a clade containing only other Asian congeners. The history of Anthopleura includes repeated shifts between clonality and solitariness, repeated attainment of symbiosis with zooxanthellae, and intercontinental dispersal.
TL;DR: In this article, a model for extending seemingly limited hands-on activities into full-inquiry science lessons is presented, which involves discrepant events to engage students in direct inquiry, teacher-supported brainstorming activities to facilitate students in planning investigations, effective written job performance aids to provide structure and support, and requirements that students provide a product of their research, which usually includes a class presentation and a graph.
Abstract: Many popular hands-on science activities, as traditionally implemented, fail to support inquiry-based science instruction, because the activities direct teachers to terminate lessons prematurely. This paper presents a model describing one approach for extending seemingly limited hands-on activities into full-inquiry science lessons. The strategy involves (a) discrepant events to engage students in direct inquiry; (b) teacher-supported brainstorming activities to facilitate students in planning investigations; (c) effective written job performance aids to provide structure and support; (d) requirements that students provide a product of their research, which usually includes a class presentation and a graph; and (e) class discussion and writing activities to facilitate students in reflecting on their activities and learning. The paper presents the model as a tool for facilitating science teachers' efforts to understand and implement the type of powerful, effective, and manageable inquiry-based science instruction called for in the National Science Education Standards.
TL;DR: Carbaryl, which is currently applied to roughly 242 ha in Willapa Bay on an annual basis, has a variable but relatively short-term effect on the benthic community, which should be viewed in the context of other oyster culture operations like the addition of oysters themselves to a community often dominated by burrowing thalassinid shrimp which clearly control its dynamics.
TL;DR: This article examined the perceptions of all retirees (N = 1,565) from an international company living in seven southeastern states regarding changes in 12 use of time activities following retirement and the implications of those changes for preretirement planning and post-retirement interventions.
Abstract: Retirement is a significant transition in life that creates major changes, especially regarding how a person uses available time. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of all retirees (N = 1,565) from an international company living in seven southeastern states regarding changes in 12 use of time activities following retirement and the implications of those changes for preretirement planning and postretirement interventions. Findings indicate that among a primarily healthy sample, there were significant changes in 10 of the 12 activities. There was an increase in sedentary activities, no change in physical exercise or social activities, and a minimal difference across gender. Type of preretirement position held, however, was a factor. This suggests the need for early planning and programs on use of time activities and management designed to meet individualized needs in preparation for retirement and during postretirement adjustment.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined two indices of the relative efficiency of drilling naticid gastropod predators and their molluscan prey, i.e., the percent of drill holes that were incomplete or multiple drill holes occurring in multiply bored shells.
TL;DR: It is suggested that retirement as a psychosocial transition needs to be an integral component of nursing assessments and interventions for retirees and their families.
Abstract: This was a descriptive study to examine the relationship between retirement planning, use of time, and the psychosocial adjustment to retirement. A 72-item questionnaire was mailed to all retirees (N = 1565) from an international company residing in seven southeastern states with a response of 764 (48.82%). Significant differences were found when comparing what retirees indicated they had done to prepare for retirement, and what they believed after retirement was important for people to do to prepare. Following retirement greater emphasis was placed not only on financial factors, but also on psychosocial adjustment and use of time. Findings suggest that retirement as a psychosocial transition needs to be an integral component of nursing assessments and interventions for retirees and their families.
TL;DR: It is suggested that 12-Step groups are more likely to be selected by clients with more severe histories of drug use and criminal activity, i.e., those most in need of the support to behavior change those groups provide.
Abstract: Comparison was made of treatment clients attending Narcotics Anonymous and/or Alcoholics Anonymous meetings less than weekly (n = 41) with treatment clients attending meetings at least three times a week (n = 30). The frequent attenders (attending an average of 30.6 meetings monthly) differed from non- and infrequent attenders (attending an average of 0.4 meetings monthly) in terms of histories of greater lifetime drug use, more arrests and treatment experiences, and an earlier age of first use of alcohol. Although the frequent attender was also older, age was not found to influence the differences found between groups. Measures of religiosity, use of community services, and support from others for recovery and psychological functioning, other than ratings of the helpfulness of 12-Step, were not differentiated among groups. The findings suggest that 12-Step groups are more likely to be selected by clients with more severe histories of drug use and criminal activity, i.e., those most in need of the support to behavior change those groups provide. The role of treatment programs in facilitating the use of 12-Step groups is discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the extent to which various factors, including prior victimization, perceptions of neighborhood disorder, routine activities, and neighborhood satisfaction, predict women's perceptions of personal safety and conclude that improving services (e.g., removing garbage, graffiti, vandalized items) may reduce fear as much as reducing crime.
Abstract: That women have a greater fear of crime than men has often been termed irrational or paradoxical, but this article joins those who argue that the gendered nature of fear is well grounded. The authors investigate the extent to which various factors—including prior victimization, perceptions of neighborhood disorder, routine activities, and neighborhood satisfaction—predict women's perceptions of personal safety. Survey and semistructured interview data were collected from 219 women living in six urban public housing estates in eastern Ontario. Both disorder and neighborhood satisfaction have a moderately strong impact on perceptions of insecurity, whereas prior victimization is a negligible factor. One conclusion is that improving services (e.g., removing garbage, graffiti, vandalized items) may reduce fear as much as reducing crime.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated diurnal and seasonal variations in atmospheric hydrogen peroxideconcentrations during a summer and winter cruise aboard the R.V. 'Endeavor' atthe BermudaAtlantic Time Series Station.
Abstract: Diurnal and seasonal variations in atmospheric hydrogen peroxideconcentrations wereinvestigated during a summer and winter cruise aboard the R.V. `Endeavor' atthe BermudaAtlantic Time Series Station. Rainwater peroxide concentrations in Augustdisplayed dielvariability while no temporal H2O2 pattern was evidentin March rain. Averageconcentrations in March were also significantly lower than August whichindicates photochemicalprocesses are involved in controlling hydrogen peroxide concentrations inmarine rainwaterfalling over the open ocean. The range of gas phase hydrogen peroxideconcentrations wasbetween 1 and 6 ppbv and also exhibited a strong diurnal pattern during bothAugust and Marchwith concentration maxima in the early evening. The influence of atmosphericdeposition onsurface seawater hydrogen peroxide levels was also evaluated. Hydrogenperoxide depth profileswere measured on four separate occasions before and after rain events duringthe Augustsampling period. The input of rainfall hydrogen peroxide was observedthroughout the 25 metermixed layer with surface concentrations two fold larger in the morning aftera rain event. Theintegrated increase in hydrogen peroxide after the rain from 0 to 90 meterswas 1,720 μmolalmost all of which could be accounted for by the peroxide added from rain.The data presentedin this study represent the first detailed, simultaneous measurements ofhydrogen peroxide inmarine air, rain and surface seawater.
TL;DR: In this paper, a bibliographic survey of the literature that assessed the contents of more than 2,500 abstracts was conducted to increase convergence among investigators and improve the quality of service-related research.
Abstract: The 1990s ushered in a new era for service as a problem-solving strategy, with a concomitant expansion in the service-related literature. The authors report the results of a bibliographic survey of the literature that assessed the contents of more than 2,500 abstracts. Service-related research has diffused to a wide array of disciplines and policy fields. However, the common interest across disciplines has not translated into a more coherent understanding of service. The most recent research is fragmented across disciplines and outcomes. In addition, much of the most recent research diverges from traditional definitions of volunteerism. Few attempts have been made to synthesize the latest wave of research results and integrate them with previous research and theory. Recommendations are offered to increase convergence among investigators and improve the quality of service-related research.
TL;DR: There is a great need for an integrated international effort in research and training using rapid, easy to use, biomarker and microscale ecotoxicity techniques and a four-point framework for advancing work towards their wider use, particularly in developing coastal nations.
TL;DR: In this article, the brain of an adult bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, was scanned in the coronal plane at 148 antero-posterior levels.
Abstract: Cetacean (dolphin, whale, and porpoise) brains are among the least studied mammalian brains because of the formidable challenge of collecting and histologically preparing such relatively rare and large specimens. Magnetic resonance imaging offers a means of observing the internal structure of the brain when traditional histological procedures are not practical. Furthermore, internal structures can be analyzed in their precise anatomic positions, which is difficult to accomplish after the spatial distortions often accompanying histological processing. In this study, images of the brain of an adult bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, were scanned in the coronal plane at 148 antero-posterior levels. From these scans a computer-generated three-dimensional model was constructed using the programs VoxelView and VoxelMath (Vital Images, Inc.). This model, wherein details of internal and external morphology are represented in three-dimensional space, was then resectioned in orthogonal planes to produce corresponding series of virtual sections in the horizontal and sagittal planes. Sections in all three planes display the sizes and positions of major neuroanatomical features such as the arrangement of cortical lobes and subcortical structures such as the inferior and superior colliculi, and demonstrate the utility of MRI for neuroanatomical investigations of dolphin brains.
TL;DR: In the South Island of New Zealand during the summer of 1999 (January-March) during which time significant losses of ozone and increased UV were reported in the stratosphere over New Zealand, the relative contribution of Fe(II) to total Fe was approximately twice as great in New Zealand samples as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate that at least 1/2 of the formic and at least 2/3 of the acetic acid in Wilmington, NC growing season rainwater results from anthropogenic sources.
TL;DR: Blood spot assays for estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone are a reliable, accurate, and sensitive means for measuring circulating gonadal hormones and careful attempts to estimate hormone status by day-count methods are unreliable when compared to hormone assay in blood spots.
TL;DR: Eyestalk neuroendocrine factors control specific yolk protein synthesis in the ovaries of the shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, and may also produce a peptide capable of stimulation of yolk synthesis.
Abstract: Eyestalk neuroendocrine factors control specific yolk protein synthesis in the ovaries of the shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. A bioassay was developed to measure specific yolk protein synthesis in vitro. The eyestalk neuroendocrine complex may also produce a peptide capable of stimulation of yolk synthesis.
TL;DR: GIAO-HF and IGLO-DFT computations of isotropic magnetic shieldings were used to map the NMR shielding environments of small molecules exemplifying selected organic functional groups, and two different probes were employed: a methane molecule and NICS based on computed absolute isotropics shieldings.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the latitudinal distribution of shell ornamentation in Tournaisian, Visean, and Namurian articulate brachiopods to test the hypothesis that a latitudinal gradient in antipredatory ornamentation was present in the Carboniferous.
Abstract: Shell ornamentation in modern oceans increases toward the tropics in conjunction with an equatorward increase in shell-breaking predation. Latitudinal gradients in antipredatory ornamentation were previously documented for Devonian brachiopods. We examined the latitudinal distribution of shell ornamentation in Tournaisian, Visean, and Namurian articulate brachiopods to test the hypothesis that the latitudinal gradient in antipredatory ornamentation was present in the Carboniferous. We found a statistically significant latitudinal ornamentation gradient, which was most pronounced in the Tournaisian, when the latitudinal temperature gradient was most steep. These results support the hypothesis that a latitudinal gradient in defensive morphology occurred as a result of the mid-Paleozoic increase in predation. Although the mid-Paleozoic and late Mesozoic intervals of predator-prey escalation may have differed in dynamics and intensity, both episodes produced adaptations in prey morphology that varied along a latitudinal gradient.