Showing papers by "University of South Florida published in 1977"
TL;DR: The evidence for the existence of a tradeoff between reproduction and future survival is weak and indirect and additional evidence can be found in Drosophila, mice, chaetognaths, beetles, lizards, and plants.
Abstract: Life-history characteristics are usually viewed as adaptive. That is, changes in characteristics such as reproductive rate, duration of reproduction, and age of first reproduction usually have direct effects on an organism's fitness. However, increases in fitness gained by modifying one characteristic may lead to conflicting changes in other characteristics that decrease fitness. These conflicts are resolved and fitness maximized by tradeoffs between life-history characteristics. Reproductive pattern is the characteristic most often considered in this context (e.g., Cole, 1954. Williams, 1966; Cody, 1966; Gadgil and Bossert. 1970; Charnov and Krebs, 1973; Schaffer, 1974; Hirshfield and Tinkle, 1975; Giesel, 1976). A basic assumption in several of these studies is that of resource limitation; resources directed towards reproduction reduce those available for growth and maintenance. Thus one consequence of reproduction is presumed to be decreased survival. The existence of such a tradeoff between reproduction and future survival is a fundamental premise underlying most life-history theory. The evidence for such a tradeoff, however, is weak and indirect. Much of this evidence is summarized by Stearns (1976) and additional evidence can be found in Drosophila (Maynard-Smith, 1959), mice (Suntzeff et al., 1962), chaetognaths (MacLaren, 1966), beetles (Loschiavo, 1968), lizards (Tinkle, 1969), and plants (Harper and White, 1974). This evidence
213 citations
TL;DR: Serum levels of DHAS rose following administration of ACTH and were increased in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, in whom rapid decrements followed treatment with dexamethasone, and in patients undergoing evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and -adrenal systems.
167 citations
TL;DR: The estimated denitrification rate in the study area suggests that pelagic sediments may be important sites of marineDenitrification, and nitrate concentrations and concentration gradients reflect zones of oxygen reduction, nitrate reduction, and sulfate reduction in the sediments.
Abstract: Pore-water nitrate concentrations in six pelagic eastern equatorial Atlantic cores increase from bottom water values (22 micromolar) to 40 micromolar at a depth of about 5 centimeters, then decrease to undetectable levels at depths as shallow as 40 centimeters. These nitrate concentrations and concentration gradients reflect zones of oxygen reduction, nitrate reduction, and sulfate reduction in the sediments. The estimated benthic flux of nitrate to the ocean from our data is much less than the total globalflux of nitrate to deep waters, even though these equatorial sediments underlie a productive upwelling zone. The estimated denitrification rate in our study area suggests that pelagic sediments may be important sites of marine denitrification.
117 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solution procedure for solving the project time/cost tradeoff problem of reducing a project duration at a minimum cost is introduced, where a minimal cut in a flow network derived from the original project network is used to identify the project activities which should experience a duration modification in order to achieve the total project reduction.
Abstract: This paper introduces a solution procedure for solving the project time/cost tradeoff problem of reducing a project duration at a minimum cost. The solution to the time/cost problem is achieved by locating a minimal cut in a flow network derived from the original project network. This minimal cut is then utilized to identify the project activities which should experience a duration modification in order to achieve the total project reduction. The paper will document this cut-based procedure and provide a practical application to a project situation.
104 citations
TL;DR: In the first experiment, the author employed three different grading standards, identified as stringent, moderate, and lenient, in separate sections of the course Psychology of Learning as mentioned in this paper, which resulted in substantially different grade distributions in the anticipated direction.
Abstract: In the first experiment, the author employed three different grading standards, identified as stringent, moderate, and lenient, in separate sections of the course Psychology of Learning. Other aspects of the course were the same for each section. The different grading standards resulted in substantially different grade distributions in the anticipated direction. Evaluations of both the instructor's performance and the couse decreased as the stringency of the grading criteria increased. Every item on the evaluation questionnaire was systematically influenced by the grading criteria. The amount learned, as measured by performance on the objective part of the final test, increased as the stringency of the grading criteria increased. In the second experiment, the subjects were the students in two sections of the course Introductory Psychology, taught by the author during the same term. The same textbook, course notes, and grading criteria were employed. The manipulated variable was test frequency, with the two sections receiving either weekly or biweekly tests. Students in the section receiving weekly tests scored 11.9% higher, on the average, over all tests. This resulted in a substantial difference in grade distributions. The ratings of the section receiving lower grades were substantially lower on every item of the rating form. Students appear to rate instructors on the basis of a global impression (“liking”) which they form, which is strongly influenced by the grade the student receives.
85 citations
TL;DR: Several dissections were performed to determine the level of spinal cord termination and the vertebral level at which the dorsal and ventral roots of spinal nerves C1‐S4 emerged from the spinal cord in the rat.
Abstract: Several dissections were performed to determine the level of spinal cord termination and the vertebral level at which the dorsal and ventral roots of spinal nerves C1-S4 emerged from the spinal cord in the rat. These levels of emergence were then compared to the level of exit from the vertebral canal. The dissections demonstrated that the effect of differential growth between spinal cord and vertebral column begins in the lower cervical region and becomes progressively more pronounced throughout thoracic and lumbar levels. The disparity between the vertebral level of emergence of spinal roots from the spinal cord and their level of exit via intervertebral foramina was found to be considerably larger than was previously reported by Greene ('68). It was further noted that the spinal cord terminated at the level of the intervertebral disc between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae, not between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae as reported by Greene ('68).
83 citations
TL;DR: Compared pre- and posttreatment performances on the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological battery of 20 patients who were receiving ECT from two different machines, most Ss gave indicators of cerebral impairment prior to treatment and after treatment, there was an increased number of Ss who evidenced signs consistent with damage to the right cerebral hemisphere.
Abstract: Although ECT as the treatment of choice for psychotic depression has been in use for many years, little is know about the neocortical residual of such treatents inferred from behavoioral measures. The major portion of the literature has been concerned with inferred or observed changes in affective state. The presents study compared pre-and posttreatment performances on the Halstead-Reitan neuorpsychological beattery of 20 patients who were receiving ECT from two different machines, Most Ss gave indicators of cerebral impariment prior to treatment when performance of one side of the body was contrasted with performance of the other side. After treatment there was an incresed number of Ss who evidenced signs consistent with damage to the right cerebral hemisphere. Some conceren was raised that a large number of patients who eventually are subjected to ECT because of depression behave in this way because of an undiagnosed neocortical dysfunction. There is some suggestion that the effect of the procedure is to either create or intenisfy right hemispher focus as inferred from behavioral measures.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the rate controlling and regulated step in the process of nitrate assimilation seems to be the conversion of inorganic nitrogen to nitrite, catalysed by the enzyme nitrate reductase.
Abstract: NITRATE assimilation is one of the two major biological processes by which inorganic nitrogen is converted to ammonia and thence to organic nitrogen. Photosynthetic organisms, with the possible exception of some blue-green algae and plants that have a symbiotic association with rogen-fixing bacteria, derive most of their nitrogen from nitrate1. The rate-controlling and regulated step in the process of nitrate assimilation seems to be the conversion of nitrate to nitrite, catalysed by the enzyme nitrate reductase2. There is a good correlation between the activity of this enzyme and the yield of grain protein in several cereal crops3–5. Nitrate arising from chemical fertilisers and industrial wastes is also a major factor contributing to the growth of algae and other microorganisms, leading to the eutrophication of lakes and streams. Thus, the control of nitrate assimilation can be important from the standpoint of both agricultural productivity and water resource management.
74 citations
TL;DR: A new paired hinged silicone prosthesis is described that allows the penis to move freely and hang in a dependent position without constrictive clothing and permits satisfactory coitus.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the ratio R of the intensities of anti Stokes and Stokes Raman shift lines of 124 cm -1 and of 118 cm −1 of active E. coli B was measured and it was shown that this system is excited strongly above thermal excitation.
66 citations
TL;DR: Two members of the glass-frog family Centrolenidae and the hylid subfamily Phyllomedusinae reflect near-infrared light when examined by infrared color photography.
Abstract: Two members of the glass-frog family Centrolenidae (Centrolenella fleischmanni, C. prosoblepon) and the hylid subfamily Phyllomedusinae (Agalychnis moreletii, Pachymedusa dacnicolor) reflect near-infrared light (700 to 900 nanometers) when examined by infrared color photography. Infrared reflectance may confer adaptive advantage to these arboreal frogs both in thermoregulation and infrared cryptic coloration.
TL;DR: A particulate enzyme preparation from hen oviduct is shown to carry out the biosynthesis of a long chain polyprenyl phosphate from isopentenyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyphosphate, which has the physical and chemical properties of 2,3-dehydrodolichyl phosphate.
TL;DR: In this article, the laser-Raman spectra of active bacterial cells indicate that resonances between 7 × 1010 and 5 × 1012 Hz exist in these cells, while these frequencies are not present in resting cells, of cell homogenates or of the nutrient; thus they seem to be produced as a result of active in-vivo metabolic processes.
TL;DR: The types of codes generated in maintenance rehearsal and the effects of rehearsal time at various single levels of encoding were examined in a series of six experiments employing an incidental learning procedure, the Distractor Recall task as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: In this paper, the published research productivity of 97 sociologists from a variety of types of institutions is evaluated quantitatively for both the pretenure period and the post-tenure periods in the person's career.
Abstract: Published research productivity of 97 sociologists from a variety of types of institutions is evaluated quantitatively for both the pretenure period and the post-tenure period in the person's career. Data consist of vita and supplementary information, coded into a weighted index that takes journal prestige into account. Time-adjusted pre- and post-tenure publication rates are compared within categories of type and prestige of current institution, type and prestige of institution at which tenure was first granted, prestige of Ph.D. institution, and other controls. There are substantial differences between the two career stages, with pretenure output being of greater magnitude in most instances. Possible explanations for the findings are discussed.
TL;DR: Findings support earlier findings which suggest that in the rat tryptophan increases the rate of translocation of hepatic poly(A)-mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm.
TL;DR: A method is described for the rapid purification and analysis of tissue dolichol on a nanomole scale and a value was obtained which fell within the range of previously published results based on a gravimetric assay.
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TL;DR: The peculiar distinction between mind and body that was created by Cartesian dualism has proven to be a major obstacle to integrating the psychosocial and biophysical aspects of medical practice, so it is profitable to explore alternative ways of integrating the mental and the physical aspects of ill-health.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that classical sexual recombination occurs in this group of rotifers, using acrylamide gel electrophoresis to identify clones of Asplanchna girodi homozygous for two different alleles at a single malic enzyme locus.
Abstract: Data exist suggesting both the presence and absence of recombination in monogonont rotifers. It was therefore previously unknown whether members of this group have true sexual reproduction. We have used acrylamide gel electrophoresis to identify clones of Asplanchna girodi homozygous for two different alleles at a single malic enzyme locus. Crosses made among these clones produced heterozygotes, thus demonstrating that classical sexual recombination occurs in this group of rotifers.
01 Apr 1977
TL;DR: A new Al2O3 moisture sensor fabricated on an oxidized silicon wafer is described in this article, which responds to moisture levels down to 1 ppmv and is used to non-destructively determine the water level inside sealed hybrid packages.
Abstract: A new Al2O3 moisture sensor fabricated on an oxidized silicon wafer is described. The sensor responds to moisture levels down to 1 ppmv and is used to nondestructively determine the water level inside sealed hybrid packages. Device performance characteristics are given. Preliminary results are reported for these devices sealed in hybrid packages at several manufacturing locations.
TL;DR: The data suggests that with current techniques, complex intracardiac procedures can be performed safely with acceptable operative mortality and a satisfactory prognostic outlook in elderly patients.
TL;DR: Findings indicate that besides the previously reported facilitation by naps of performance and mood, physiological activation is increased following accustomed episodes of afternoon sleep.
TL;DR: It is reported here that crude enzyme preparations extracted from peas catalyze the transfer of the p-coumaroyl moiety of p- cou maroyl: Coenzyme A to kaempferol-3-triglucoside forming Kaempferols-3-(p-cOUmaroyL triglucosides) as the acylated product.
Abstract: The major flavonoids of Pisum are derivatives of kaempferol and quercetin, including both triglucosides and acylated triglucosides in which the acyl group is p-coumaric acid Although hydroxycinnamic acid esters of flavonoids are common pigments in many plants, neither the enzymes nor the precursors involved in their biosynthesis have been demonstrated We report here that crude enzyme preparations extracted from peas catalyze the transfer of the p-coumaroyl moiety of p-coumaroyl:Coenzyme A to kaempferol-3-triglucoside forming kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl triglucoside) as the acylated product The reaction product has been vigorously shown to be identical to the naturally occurring kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl triglucoside) in both chromatographic and chemical properties The enzymatic formation of the acylated derivative occurred only minimally when incubated with the cofactors required for carboxyl group activation (ligase) and maximally when incubated with p-coumaroyl : Coenzyme A as the acyl donor
TL;DR: Mandibular glands from destalked male spider crabs were fixed in glutaraldehyde‐paraformaldehyde, post‐fixed in 1% osmium in phosphate buffer, dehydrated in acetone and embedded in Spurr's low‐viscosity medium.
Abstract: Mandibular glands from destalked male spider crabs were fixed in glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde, post-fixed in 1% osmium in phosphate buffer, dehydrated in acetone and embedded in Spurr's low-viscosity medium ('69). The glands hypertrophy and several changes occur in the subcellular cytoarchitecture following eyestalk ablation. These include loss of most of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum or its appearance as lamallae, appearance of numerous polysomes and a change in mitochondrial structure. Large vesicles with ribosomes spaced at intervals along their membranes are apparently formed by blebbing of the outer nuclear membrane and appear throughout the cytoplasm. Banded structures consisting of alternate granular and flocculent materials are found within the nucleus.
TL;DR: Dose-response curves show that dexamethasone is 250 to 300 times more potent than cortisol in suppressing C6 growth, and at higher glucocorticoid concentrations, non-transient inhibitory responses persist for 5 days.
Abstract: SummaryCell proliferation is inhibited in rat glioma (strain C6) monolayer cultures treated with cortisol (>1. μM) or dexameth-asone (>0.001 μM). Transient growth-inhibitory responses occur at 3 μM cortisol and 0.01-0.03 μM dexamethasone. At higher glucocorticoid concentrations, non-transient inhibitory responses persist for 5 days. Dose-response curves show that dexamethasone is 250 to 300 times more potent than cortisol in suppressing C6 growth.
TL;DR: It was hypothesized that manipulations which tend to increase postonset SCR reactivity have a negative effect on the persistence of onset reactivity.
Abstract: The effects of reaction time (RT) task and stimulus variability upon the habituation of skin conductance responses (SCR) and vasomotor responses (VMR) were studied in two experiments. In Experiment 1, subjects who performed an RT response to stimulus onset or who received stimuli which varied in frequency required more trials to reach an SCR habituation criterion than subjects who did not perform the task or receive frequency variability. While the overall VMR magnitude was affected by RT task and frequency variability, no VMR habituation itself was observed. In Experiment 2, the effects of RT task to stimulus offset and stimulus-duration variability were investigated. RT task again produced retardation of SCR habituation. This indicated that the task effect was not simply due to contraction-elicited SCRs, since the task reactions occurred well after the onset-elicited SCRs. Stimulus-duration variability reduced the overall effect of task, and it was hypothesized that manipulations which tend to increase postonset SCR reactivity have a negative effect on the persistence of onset reactivity.
TL;DR: In this article, the effectiveness of a basic electricity training program for telephone installer-repairmen was measured, and the potential contaminating effects of pretesting were monitored; the results indicated that the training was potentially effective, but that pretest contaminations were present.
Abstract: Training evaluation is one of the most under-researched and neglected areas of industrial/organizational psychology. This article discusses the need for, and feasibility of, utilizing extended-control-group pretest designs in evaluation research; and reports a field application of such a design (the Solomon 4-Group) in an organizational training context. The effectiveness of a basic electricity training program for telephone installer-repairmen was measured, and the potential contaminating effects of pretesting were monitored. The results indicated that the training was potentially effective, but that pretest contaminations were present. To identify the pretest effects it was necessary to go beyond the Solomon model and consider complex interactions involving numerical aptitude level, pretesting and training. Pretest exposure depressed the posttest performance of trained subjects of medium and low numerical aptitude, while facilitating that of medium level untrained subjects. Pretest exposure had no effect on subjects scoring high in numerical aptitude in either the trained or untrained condition. Possible explanations for the moderating role of numerical aptitude are offered, and implications of the findings are discussed relative to applied organizational evaluation efforts and future research.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A group of 176 patients undergoing cardiac surgery utilizing a technique of rapid core hypothermic cardioplegia with a hyperosmotic solution is presented, showing periods of total ischemia up to 134 minutes without signs of detectable myocardial damage.