Showing papers by "University of the Philippines published in 1990"
TL;DR: The purchase of antimicrobial agents in drugstores in a district in Manila found that these practices can provide only limited clinical efficacy and should favor emergence of resistant bacteria.
152 citations
TL;DR: Toxicological interpretation of the coupled physiological and tissue residue chemistry data indicates that petroleum hydrocarbons and tributyltin are the major toxic contaminants causing the reduction in scope for growth of Arca in Hamilton Harbour.
112 citations
TL;DR: From the leaves of Alstonia scholaris, collected in Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines, several new alkaloids, 19-epischolaricine, N b -methylscholaricines, N a -methylburnamine and vallesamine N boxide were isolated and their structures determined by spectral and chemical methods as discussed by the authors.
65 citations
University of South Carolina1, Louisiana State University2, Virginia Tech3, Ohio State University4, University of California, Davis5, University of Rochester6, Konan University7, University of Minnesota8, Niigata University9, University of the Philippines10, Rutgers University11, University of Tsukuba12, Saga University13, Korea University14, Kyungpook National University15, Chuo University16, Saitama University17
TL;DR: These measurements are compared with QCD+fragmentation models that use either leading-logarithmic parton-shower evolution or QCD matrix elements at the parton level, and either string or cluster fragmentation for hadronization.
Abstract: We present the general properties of multihadron final states produced by {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} annihilation at center-of-mass energies from 52 to 57 GeV in the AMY detector at the KEK collider TRISTAN. Global shape, inclusive charged-particle, and particle-flow distributions are presented. Our measurements are compared with QCD+fragmentation models that use either leading-logarithmic parton-shower evolution or QCD matrix elements at the parton level, and either string or cluster fragmentation for hadronization.
65 citations
TL;DR: Lagunamine, angustilobine B acid and losbanine were obtained from the leaves of Philippine Alstonia scholaris together with tubotaiwine, its oxide, and 6,7- seco - angustils B acid; the structures were determined from spectral evidence.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the quality changes during frozen storage of two underutilized species of fish: mackerel (Scomber scombrus), a fatty species, and white hake (Urophycis tenuis) a nonfatty, gadoid species, with or without a bag, vacuum, and/or erythorbic acid, were measured using the dimethylamine (DMA) test for hake and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test, and by Instron deformation, expressible moisture
Abstract: The quality changes during frozen storage of two underutilized species of fish: mackerel (Scomber scombrus), a fatty species, and white hake (Urophycis tenuis) a nonfatty, gadoid species, with or without a bag, vacuum, and/or erythorbic acid, were measured using the dimethy-lamine (DMA) test for hake and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test for mackerel, and by Instron deformation, expressible moisture, thaw drip, cook loss, and sensory evaluation for both species. Texture deterioration and lipid oxidation limited the shelf-life of hake and mackerel, respectively. Air (oxygen) prolonged the shelf-life of hake but lessened that of mackerel. Erythorbic acid accelerated the rate of texture deterioration in hake but inhibited the rate of lipid oxidation in mackerel.
48 citations
University of Rochester1, University of Tsukuba2, Louisiana State University3, University of South Carolina4, Virginia Tech5, Ohio State University6, University of California, Davis7, Konan University8, University of Minnesota9, Niigata University10, University of the Philippines11, Rutgers University12, Saga University13, Korea University14, Kyungpook National University15, Chuo University16, Saitama University17
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the charged-particle multiplicity distributions for {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}sup {minus} annihilation at center-of-mass energies from 50 to 61.4 GeV.
Abstract: We present the charged-particle multiplicity distributions for {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} annihilation at center-of-mass energies from 50 to 61.4 GeV. The results are based on a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 30 pb{sup {minus}1} obtained with the AMY detector at the KEK storage ring TRISTAN. The charged-particle multiplicity distributions deviate significantly from the modified Poisson and pair Poisson distributions, but follow Koba-Nielsen-Olesen scaling and are well reproduced by the LUND parton-shower model.
44 citations
TL;DR: The oligosaccharide profile of raw mature seeds of seven different legumes indigenous to the Philippines was measured in 70% ethanol extracts of the seeds by thin layer chromatography using HPTLC plates and quantified by a densitometer.
Abstract: The oligosaccharide profile of raw mature seeds of seven different legumes indigenous to the Philippines was measured in 70% ethanol extracts of the seeds by thin layer chromatography using HPTLC plates and quantified by a densitometer. Based on the results, the legumes could be ranked according to decreasing oligosaccharide content or flatulence potential as follows: Sam-samping (Clitoria ternatea) greater than hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab) greater than sabawel (Mucuna pruriens) greater than lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) greater than swordbean (Canavalia gladiata) greater than rice bean (Vigna umbellata) greater than jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). Sam-samping had 4.79% total oligosaccharides and hyacinth bean or batao, 3.66%. A jack bean accession had 1.79% oligosaccharides. Simple processing methods were tested to detoxify the oligosaccharides. Soaking the batao seeds had no effect while boiling even resulted in a net 23-31% increase in the levels of raffinose, stachyose and verbascose. On the other hand, two min of dry roasting resulted in complete removal of oligosaccharides whereas germination resulted in about 30-40% decrease after 1 and 2 days, respectively.
42 citations
TL;DR: Structural-activity correlation studies suggested that the antimutagenic activity may reside in the peculiar lipid-like structure of the acylglucosylsterols, which could adversely affect the membrane permeability towards mitomycin C and disrupt the cellular activity of the latter.
Abstract: The antimutagenic principle of the green fruits of Momordica charantia was shown by the micronucleus test to be an intractable mixture of novel acylglucosylsterols. The antimutagens were extracted from the green fruits with ethanol and isolated from the bioactive petroleum ether and carbon tetrachloride extracts by repeated and sequential flash column chromatography. The major component of the mixture is 3-O-[6'-O-palmitoyl-beta-D-glucosyl-stigmasta-5,25(27)-dien and the minor component is the stearyl derivative (Guevara, 1989). At a dosage range in mice of 50-12.5 micrograms extract/g, the mixture reduced by about 80% the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes induced by the well-known mutagen mitomycin C. Structure-activity correlation studies suggested that the antimutagenic activity may reside in the peculiar lipid-like structure of the acylglucosylsterols. Ingestion of these compounds may result in their absorption in the plasma membrane lipid bilayer which could adversely affect the membrane permeability towards mitomycin C and disrupt the cellular activity of the latter.
39 citations
Niigata University1, Chuo University2, Louisiana State University3, Virginia Tech4, University of South Carolina5, Ohio State University6, University of California, Davis7, University of Rochester8, Konan University9, University of Minnesota10, University of the Philippines11, Rutgers University12, Saga University13, Korea University14, Kyungpook National University15, Saitama University16
TL;DR: In this paper, the photon structure function F2 has been measured at average Q2 values of 73,160 and 390 (GeV c ) 2, and the x dependence of the Q2 = 73 ( GeV c 2 ) 2 data with theoretical expectations based on QCD was compared.
38 citations
TL;DR: Results indicated that genes for adaptation are involved in conferring resistance to bacterial wilt and resistance was highest in the majority of the crosses that had a wide genetic background for both resistance and adaptation.
Abstract: F1 hybrid true potato seed progenies with multiple sources of specific resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum and adaptation were evaluated under tropical greenhouse conditions for resistance to a race 1 isolate of P. solanacearum. Results indicated that genes for adaptation are involved in conferring resistance to bacterial wilt. The effect of a particular resistant parent clone on the resistance level of its progeny depended on the resistance, adaptation or the combination of both characteristics of its mate. A heat tolerant parent gave a higher frequency of resistant offspring in combination with an ascertained source of resistance. Combining ability was an apparent feature of resistance to bacterial wilt and resistance was highest in the majority of the crosses that had a wide genetic background for both resistance and adaptation. The possible genetic nature of the resistance to bacterial wilt is discussed.
TL;DR: Host-pathogen-environment interaction in the potato-P.
Abstract: Host-pathogen-environment interaction in the potato-P. solanacearum pathogenic system was investigated by testing eight true potato seed progenies and four clones for resistance to three potato isolates of P. solanacearum under two temperature regimes. Highly significant interactions of all types: progeny x isolate, isolate x temperature, progeny x temperature, and progeny x isolate x temperature were observed. Changes in pathogenicity of isolates with temperature were the major source of the total variation. Host-pathogen interaction effect was small as compared to the main (progeny, isolate) effects. Aspects of strain specificity and host-pathogen interaction are discussed.
TL;DR: The results suggest that elements controlling breathing in neonatal mammals, but not in adults, are not affected by the venoms of fish-hunter Conus.
Abstract: The venoms of fish-hunting Conus contain paralytic conotoxins and an unprecedented variety of other biologically-active peptides. Particularly noteworthy are peptides which inhibit calcium entry into neurons, the conantokins and w-conotoxins which target NMDA receptors and voltage-sensitive Ca channels respectively.The conantokins contain at least four residues of γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla), a post-translationally modified amino acid. Conantokins are folded into an α-helical conformation and bind acidic membranes in a calcium-dependent manner. Upon envenomation, conantokins may concentrate on appropriate membranes and target to peripheral fish NMDA receptors located on such membranes.The w-conotoxins are disulfide bonded peptides; a comparison of several w-conotoxin sequences reveals considerable sequence variability. Recent studies with w-conotoxins have also revealed a developmental specificity in mice. The results suggest that elements controlling breathing in neonatal mammals, but not in adults,...
University of Rochester1, University of Tsukuba2, Louisiana State University3, University of South Carolina4, Virginia Tech5, Ohio State University6, University of California, Davis7, Konan University8, University of Minnesota9, Niigata University10, University of the Philippines11, Rutgers University12, Saga University13, Korea University14, Kyungpook National University15, Chuo University16, Saitama University17
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the ratio of the total cross section for {ital e}{sup +}{ital e-sup {minus}} annihilation into hadrons to the lowest-order QED cross section.
Abstract: The ratio {ital R} of the total cross section for {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}} annihilation into hadrons to the lowest-order QED cross section for {ital e}{sup +}{ital e}{sup {minus}}{r arrow}{mu}{sup +}{mu}{sup {minus}} has been measured for center-of-mass energies ranging from 50 to 61.4 GeV. If we allow for an overall shift of {minus}4.9%, about 1.5 times our estimated normalization error, the results are consistent with the standard-model predictions.
TL;DR: In this article, the best strain for the production of l-itatartaric acid and its lactone, l-2-hydroxyparaconic acid, in shake culture under acidic conditions was selected.
Abstract: Ustilago cynodontis K320 was selected as the best strain for the production of l-itatartaric acid and its lactone, l-2-hydroxyparaconic acid, in shake culture under acidic conditions. Factors affecting the acid production were examined to optimize the culture conditions for maximal production of itatartaric and 2-hydroxyparaconic acids and efforts were made to simplify the recovery of the acids. Fermentation in a jar was continued until the accumulated itaconic acid and erythritol were completely consumed. 2-Hydroxyparaconic acid (49g) was easily recovered as a crystalline mass (about 96% in purity) from 11 of the culture filtrate by a process consisting of concentration, lactonization of itatartaric acid to 2-hydroxyparaconic acid, and ethyl acetate extraction. Sodium itatartarate was prepared from the recovered 2-hydroxyparaconic acid by saponification.
TL;DR: In this article, the seasonality of standing crop of a Sargassum bed was investigated by conducting monthly sampling from February 1988 to July 1989, and the results showed that standing crop was generally lowest in February, March, April, or May and highest in November through January.
Abstract: The seasonality of standing crop of a Sargassum bed was investigated by conducting monthly sampling from February 1988 to July 1989. Environmental parameters of water movement, salinity, number of daytime minus tides, and water temperature were also measured. An intra-annual pattern of variation in standing crop of Sargassum crassifolium, S. cristaefolium, S. oligocystum, and S. polycystum was observed. Standing crop was generally lowest in February, March, April, or May, and highest in November through January. Sargassum accounted for about 35 to 85% of the monthly algal standing crop of the bed, and the observed variation in overall standing crop of the bed generally reflected the standing crop of Sargassum. The seasonality of the standing crops of the associated algal divisions also followed an annual cycle, but their maximum and minimum standing crops did not coincide with those of Sargassum. Individually, as well as collectively, the standing crops of the Sargassum spp. were poorly correlated with the environmental factors observed.
TL;DR: LIR or leaf damage, number of larvae per plant and the frequency index of egg masses were indicated as good determinants of the ETL, with the egg mass frequency as most practical and convenient for use by farmers.
Abstract: The economic threshold determinants for the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenee) were defined over several croppings. The relations between leaf injury, larval equivalents and the corresponding yield losses were established. The larval equivalents did not necessarily follow the increase of the leaf injury rating during the late whorl stage. Leaf damage and the larval equivalents correlated well with yield loss. Using the number of larvae per plant as parameter based on current prices of corn and other inputs, an ETL of not more than one larva/plant was established. The egg mass density, larval population and egg mass frequency indices were positively correlated, especially at their respective peak densities. LIR or leaf damage, number of larvae per plant and the frequency index of egg masses were indicated as good determinants of the ETL, with the egg mass frequency as most practical and convenient for use by farmers.
University of California, Davis1, Louisiana State University2, University of South Carolina3, Virginia Tech4, Ohio State University5, University of Rochester6, Konan University7, University of Minnesota8, Niigata University9, Rutgers University10, University of the Philippines11, University of Tsukuba12, Saga University13, Korea University14, Kyungpook National University15, Chuo University16, Saitama University17
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for the pair production of leptoquarks and colored leptons in e + e − annihilations t center-of-mass energies from 50 to 60.8 GeV was conducted using the AMY detector at TRISTAN.
Virginia Tech1, University of Rochester2, Louisiana State University3, University of South Carolina4, Ohio State University5, University of California, Davis6, Konan University7, University of Minnesota8, Niigata University9, University of the Philippines10, Rutgers University11, Saga University12, Korea University13, Kyungpook National University14, Chuo University15, Tokyo Institute of Technology16, Saitama University17
TL;DR: In this article, the pair production of the supersymmetric partner particles of leptons, quarks, and non-minimal Higgs have been made in e + e − annihilations at center-of-mass energies between 50 and 60.8 GeV using the AMY detector at TRISTAN.
TL;DR: Although the recycling of excrements in integrated agriculture-aquaculture farming systems offers many advantages, the spread of diseases to man via aquatic organisms multiplying in excreta-laden water needs special attention.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used laboratory cultures of Euplotes vannus to bioassay water samples taken from the sea surface, 0.5 m and near bottom at stations along contamination gradients in Castle Harbour and Hamilton Harbour on Bermuda.
TL;DR: An investigation was made to survey the possible presence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in the stools of diarrheal chicks, and believes this to be the first isolation of ETEC from diarrheic chicks.
Abstract: An investigation was made to survey the possible presence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in the stools of diarrheal chicks. We analyzed two outbreaks of diarrhea in broiler chicks at two independent farms in the Philippines, from which no pathogens other than Escherichia coli were found. In one outbreak at Farm #1, all 42 isolates produced heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), with 3 of these isolates also producing heat-stable enterotoxin (ST). The O serotypes of 15 strains tested randomly could not be identified as any known serotype (0-antigen; 1-170). In another outbreak at Farm #2, 7 out of 52 isolates produced only LT, their subtypes being identified as O-149 or O-8, common serotypes in pig ETEC. Strains from Farm #1 did not produce any pili usually found in human ETEC. We believe this to be the first isolation of ETEC from diarrheal chicks.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In 1989 alone, approximately 7,350 new nurses were successfully registered with the Professional Regulation Commission, bringing the total to over 160,000 nurses registered since 1922 as mentioned in this paper. But the country suffers from a shortage of nurses in the midst of a bountiful supply of human resources.
Abstract: Philippines, a country of 57 million, graduates a substantial number of nurses each year. In 1989 alone, approximately 7,350 new nurses were successfully registered with the Professional Regulation Commission, bringing the total to over 160,000 nurses registered since 1922. Paradoxically, the country suffers from a shortage of nurses in the midst of a bountiful supply of "human resources". Below are the consequences.
University of Rochester1, University of Tsukuba2, Louisiana State University3, Virginia Tech4, University of South Carolina5, Ohio State University6, University of California, Davis7, Konan University8, University of Minnesota9, Niigata University10, Rutgers University11, University of the Philippines12, Saga University13, Korea University14, Kyungpook National University15, Chuo University16, Saitama University17
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report results of a study of four-lepton final states produced in e+e− collisions at center-of-mass energies from 50 to 61.4 GeV using the AMY detector at the TRISTAN collider.
TL;DR: Under aerobic conditions, washed intact cells of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans AP19-3 solubilized copper enzymatically from a copper concentrate containing Cu, Fe, S, and Zn, suggesting that a hydrogen sulfide:ferric ion oxidoreductase (SFORase) was involved in this coppersolubilization from the ore.
Abstract: Under aerobic conditions, washed intact cells of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans AP19-3 solubilized copper enzymatically from a copper concentrate containing Cu(20.48%), Fe(31.61%), S(38.22%), Pb(3.84%), and Zn(4.22%). The optimum pH of copper solubilization from copper concentrate was at pH 3.0. In contrast, under anaerobic conditions or under aerobic conditions in the presence of sodium cyanide, inhibitor of iron oxidase, the amount of copper solubilized enzymatically from the ore markedly decreased, indicating that iron oxidase is involved in the copper solubilization. Under the conditions under which iron oxidase of the cells cannot operate, Fe2+ and Cu+ ions were produced enzymatically, suggesting that a hydrogen sulfide:ferric ion oxidoreductase (SFORase) was involved in this copper solubilization from the ore. A short treatment of the strain with 0.5% phenol completely destroyed the SFORase. However, this treatment did not affect the iron oxidase of the cells. A concomitant loss of the activity of copper...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of potential browning inhibitor was dependent on the lysine: glucose ratio, temperature, time and food model system, and the absorbances (A 420 ) of available lysines, and sugar were determined.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the effects of rapid industrialization occurring in developing regions of the world on the types and severity of health and environmental problems that each region experiences and apply risk assessment methodologies to these problems.
Abstract: The rapid industrialization occurring in developing regions of the world brings not only economic benefits, but changes in the types and severity of health and environmental problems that each region experiences. As the industrialized world moves toward the use of risk assessment methodologies to aid in problem evaluation and regulatory and policy decision analysis, it seems inevitable that these methodologies will be applied globally. The changes brought about by rapid industrialization, however, must be viewed within the context of societies that are still struggling with the more traditional and basic environmental problems associated with urban and rural poverty. The urgency of development and the lack of adequate resources for characterizing health and environmental changes, often present under these circumstances, offer special challenges to the application of risk assessment methodologies.
TL;DR: This study aims to find out if viable protoplast fusants can be derived from T. reesei RUT (2-30 and P. funiculosum Thom MG-171 that may exhibit improved characteristics when compared to the parents.
Abstract: In the field of biotechnology, the improvement of different strains of fungi is important in that fungi participate in the core activities of many industries. The technique of protoplast fusion is used as a bypass from the normal mating of cells and is thus a powerful tool in the improvement of microorganisms. In fungi, the cell wall is digested enzymatically and a mixture of protoplasts is mixed in the presence of polyethylene glycol and calcium ions. Any resulting fusants are selected out on the basis of a given set of markers and are later evaluated. In this way, crosses between species or even genera can be carried out without the encumbrances of reproductive isolation. An increase in ploidy level can result in recombinants that may exhibit improved characteristics when compared to the parents. The fungi that are the subjects of this study are Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30 and Penicillium funiculosum Thom MG17 1. In the field of cellulases, T. reesei RUT C-30 is well discussed; its high cellulase activity is well noted. However, it has a rather low 0-glucosidase activity that limits its applicability.' On the other hand, P. funiculosum is known for its higher 8-glucosidase activity, but it is inferior in general cellulase activity. This study aims to find out if viable protoplast fusants can be derived from T. reesei RUT (2-30 and P. funiculosum Thom MG-171 that may exhibit improved characteristics when compared to the parents.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Results showed that only the massive doses of 10(6) and 10(7) amebae/mouse inoculated intranasally could successfully establish ameba infection in the brain and cause death after 2-6 days.
Abstract: The pathogenicity of a Philippine isolate of Naegleria sp. was evaluated using 3-4 week-old mice as experimental animals. Results showed that only the massive doses of 10(6) and 10(7) amebae/mouse inoculated intranasally could successfully establish ameba infection in the brain and cause death after 2-6 days. The effect of the ameba on the mortality rate of inoculated mice was dose-dependent. The amebae were recovered in the brain when inoculated through intracerebral and intranasal routes and in the lungs, liver, and intestines when administered through intranasal and oral routes. By intraperitoneal inoculation, recovery of amebae was positive in all major organs except in the heart. Intravenous inoculation resulted to positive recovery in the lungs, spleen, liver, and heart. Infectivity of the ameba isolate in major organs was route-dependent.