Showing papers in "Annals of Epidemiology in 1993"

TL;DR: Data from a subsample indicate that compared to those who were ineligible or who refused, enrolled participants were younger, more highly educated, more likely to be married, and less likely to report limitations in activity.

TL;DR: It is suggested that low educational attainment or a correlate predicts cognitive decline in older persons, and those with fewer years of formal education consistently had greater declines in cognitive function.

TL;DR: Identical measures of social ties obtained from three community-based cohorts aged 65 and over from East Boston, MA; New Haven, CT; and two rural counties in Iowa permit the first direct cross-community comparison of the hypothesis that social isolation increases 5-year mortality risks for older men and women.

TL;DR: It is concluded that coffee and tea have no overall relation to mortality risk, and if coffee increases coronary risk, this is balanced by an unexplained lower risk of other conditions, notably cirrhosis and suicide.

TL;DR: It is indicated that central adiposity, reflected by an increased WHR, is an important risk factor for death from coronary artery disease in women, most of whom were postmenopausal.

TL;DR: It is concluded that new conceptual models are needed to guide research in this area and that adherence to a traditional Mexican cultural orientation does not protect otherwise high-risk Mexican Americans from poor pregnancy outcomes.

TL;DR: The data confirm and extend the evidence of the detrimental influence of cigarette smoking on health, which was observed that cigarette smoking was the prime determinant of chronic cough, and reduced both forced vital capacity and the 1-second forced expiratory volume.

TL;DR: Any attempt to account for the impact of race with greater precision will require an attempt to define this demographic variable within the context of social class relations.

TL;DR: Frequent consumption of fried vegetables, pickles, or coffee increased the risk of bladder cancer, but none of these foods showed a significant dose-response relationship, and there was no association of other selected foods, alcohol, total calories, protein, fat, or carbohydrates with bladder cancer risk.

TL;DR: The CHS is a longitudinal population-based study of coronary heart disease and stroke in men and women 65 years and older and methods of assessing stroke in the CHS cohort, and of prevalence of stroke and transient ischemic attacks at the initial examination are described.

TL;DR: The design and methods of these studies as well as the baseline characteristics and compliance behavior of the participants in these two trials, the largest cancer chemoprevention studies reported to date, are described.

TL;DR: Investigation of risk factors for death from different types of stroke among men screened for the MRFIT found blood pressure and cigarette smoking, two important modifiable risk factors, are related to each type of stroke.

TL;DR: Traditional means of limiting overexposure to the sun, such as wearing of hats and adequate clothing and avoidance of prolonged sunbathing, may be more prudent than reliance on chemical sunscreens.

TL;DR: The results indicate that physicians' self-reports of height, body mass index, SBP, and smoking are extremely accurate and suitable for research purposes.

TL;DR: Breast-feeding was negatively associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and there was no evidence of association of either disease with maternal age at birth, birth order, maternal smoking, or season of birth.

TL;DR: Cigarette smoking appears to be a significant risk factor for colorectal adenomatous polyps in males and after adjustments for alcohol, coffee, and caffeine consumption, the association of adenomas with cigarette smoking remained in Males and significant associations were also observed in subcategory analysis.

TL;DR: The strong inverse relation between high intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids and melanoma adds sufficient weight to prior findings for this persisting causal hypothesis to be abandoned, and data fit with prior speculation that antioxidants, zinc, and iron warrant further investigation.

TL;DR: In most industrialized countries, except in eastern Europe, stroke death rates declined more than 50% since 1970, somewhat more in women than in men, and there is more uniformity in trends since 1970 than in earlier years.

TL;DR: Black women had lower physical activity levels than white women, which may contribute to higher rates of obesity and coronary heart disease, and racial differences in physical activity remain largely unexplained by the factors examined.

TL;DR: The average time to conception was significantly shorter for women who had used marijuana regularly and for Women who had ever used cocaine than for womenWho had never used these drugs.

TL;DR: Risk factors for coronary heart disease mortality were similar among those with and those without diabetes: Cigarette smoking and high blood pressure each were associated with about a twofold increase in risk.

TL;DR: For effective interventions to prevent the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in black communities, genocidal fears and beliefs must be addressed and black community leaders should be involved in planning and implementation.

TL;DR: A significant decrease in the prevalence odds ratio (OR) of oral leukoplakia was observed after 6 months of treatment in men receiving retinol, beta-carotene, and vitamin E, and a decrease in risk, also statistically not significant, was observed for high vitamin E levels.

TL;DR: Maps of stroke mortality demonstrate a persistent "stroke belt" in the South over the past decade, and each successive birth cohort since 1890 has improved their life-span experience from stroke deaths.

TL;DR: Improved management of the secondary complications of cerebral infarction and subarachnoid hemorrhage may explain some of the improved survival for these two stroke subtypes.

TL;DR: A low cholesterol level predicts death from intracranial bleeding, but the data suggest that there is differing risk pattern for men and women.

TL;DR: The effect of weight on mortality is modified by history of weight loss in older women, even when accounting for factors associated with weight loss and increased mortality risk.

TL;DR: Variables that were significant in bivariate analysis, but not multiple variable analysis were education, milk consumption, breast-feeding, frequency of pregnancy, and age at first menstruation, however, cigarette habits, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were not associated with the BMD level in any of these analyses.

TL;DR: The association of cigarette smoking with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia was not explained by alcohol or coffee consumption or exposure to occupational hazards, and there was a suggestion of a dose-response relation but it was not statistically significant.

TL;DR: Reliable national estimates on smoking prevalence and morbidity and mortality among minorities are needed and the role of tobacco use in the etiology of diseases that are disproportionately prevalent among minorities should be studied.