Showing papers in "Aquatic Toxicology in 1995"

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of exposure to metals under and laboratory conditions were investigated in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, including the concentrations of heavy metals, the level of glutathione, and the activity of several enzymes selected among glutathion-dependent oxidoreductases and hydrolases.

TL;DR: Results of chlorophyll a fluorescence obtained by flow cytometry showed that copper's inhibitory effect on PS II activity is located on its oxidizing side, and P. tricornutum cells exposed to 0.5 and 1 mg Cu l−1 showed an intracellular pH higher than control cultures cells, explaining the high proportion of the chlorophylling allomer in these cells.

TL;DR: In this paper, neutral red retention (NRR) was used as a determinant of lysosomal membrane damage in blood and digestive cells isolated from Mytilus edulis exposed in vivo to the model hydrocarbon fluoranthene.

TL;DR: Juvenile and mature tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were exposed to a range of sub-lethal copper (Cu) concentrations for 6 days to examine the mechanisms underlying the acclimation to the toxic effects of the metal as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The results presented here show that cyanobacteria blooms present in estuaries where bivalves are growing naturally constitute a health hazard in that these organisms can retain microcystins and transfer them through the food chain.

TL;DR: In this paper, a new theory is presented, whereby the process of aluminium polymerization is a mechanism of acute toxicity of aluminium to fish, as opposed to precipitation of solid Al(OH)3 or cellular internalization of Al3+.

TL;DR: Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs), which relate the potency of individual polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), dibenzofuran (PCDF), and biphenyl (PCB) congeners to 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzos-p -dioxIN (TCDD), are used to assess the risk to fish early life stage development posed by complex mixtures of these congeners in eggs as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Investigation of how copper and atrazine affect the tolerance of microalgal communities and the succession of species in large freshwater enclosures found added copper was sufficient to affect the phytoplankton community, as was confirmed by changes in species composition.

TL;DR: It is shown that a critical oxygen concentration for ammonia exists in carp and that the critical oxygen concentrations for oxygen consumption and for ammonia excretion are affected by exposure to copper.

TL;DR: The observed changes in AChE indicate how serious the neuronal damage is, while the other parameters relate to the stressed state of the fish.

TL;DR: A simple fluorescent dye assay is described to measure multixenobiotic transport activity in the gills of the mussel Mytilus californianus and confirms by direct chemical analysis that DCPA is exported from the cell by the multixnobiotic defense mechanism.

TL;DR: The object of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of cadmium in different post-embryonic stages of the penaeid shrimp Penaeus japonicus and to determine the effect of sublethal Cadmium on the osmoregulatory capacity used as an indicator of physiological condition.

TL;DR: The results confirm the requirement for using a range of assays for monitoring pollution effects and demonstrate significant differences in a number of immunocompetence assays which in some instances showed some correlation with the levels of contaminants measured in the tissues.

TL;DR: The finding that sediments containing as little as 5% dredge spoils have a marked effect on the host defence capability in C. crangon could have serious implications for the dumping of contaminated dredges spoils at sea.

TL;DR: The total cholesterol level of blood is increased significantly at all the concentrations of malachite green in respect to all the time intervals; however, long-term exposure did not show any changes in comparison to control fish.

TL;DR: Toxicity tests were performed to determine the 96 h sub-lethal copper concentration at pH 5 (SLCC) for adult brown trout acclimated to 5 and 15 °C in an artificial softwater (Ca 2+ 50 μmol l −1 ).

TL;DR: In the immune system and gill and liver biochemistry of the fish, phagocytosis was reduced both in spleen and kidney macrophages after cadmium exposure and/or BaP injection, with a synergistic effect of the combined pollutants.

TL;DR: Differences in the AEs for Diporeia exposed to BaP determined from these techniques result, in part, from the differential distribution of the xenobiotics among the sediment particles and the selective feeding by diporeia.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the sulfonylureas penetrate the algal cell membranes primarily in their undissociated form and accumulate by an ion trapping mechanism.

TL;DR: Findings indicate a biphasic reaction to combined ES and DS, with a shift from adaptive to degenerative reactions at 5 μg/l DS.

TL;DR: Results provide evidence of (ultra)structural perturbations in mugilid liver by a subacute concentration of atrazine and indicate the transition to the final step of the stress process (exhaustion) as revealed by the increase in mortality rates.

TL;DR: In this article, fathead minnows were exposed to different concentrations of di- or trichlorobenzenes, tetrachloroethane or PCBs and the variation in LBB within a population was 4- to 23-fold for the chemicals tested.

TL;DR: It is concluded that biomarkers in this study implicated the effluent as a causal factor and that relative severity of exposure was inversely related to distance from theeffluent source.

TL;DR: In vitro and in vivo results suggest that DEF's disposition and/or mode of action are different than those of Cp or Pth, and that ALiEs do not serve to appreciably protect AChE in channel catfish, even though ALiE are inherently more sensitive to inhibition.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between water temperature and CYP1A levels was examined in a laboratory study, where dab were acclimated to 8, 12 and 16 °C for 4 weeks.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the in vitro Cytotoxicity assays using PLHC-1 cells are useful tools for the estimation of the acute toxicity to fish of organotins and possibly other compounds.

TL;DR: It is suggested that unbleached sulphite effluents can cause some changes in xenobiotic metabolism and in physiological parameters of perch.

TL;DR: The results showed significant contamination of sediments with base oil, unresolved mixtures of aliphatics and n-alkanes close to the platform, but there was not a significant relationship between sediment contamination and levels of the monooxygenase enzymes measured in the livers of dab.

TL;DR: Changes in the locomotory behaviour of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus were used as sublethal indicators of toxic stress and the potential use of behavioural test criteria for sublethal toxicity testing with rotifers is briefly discussed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that copper exposure of common carp causes decreased brain 5-HT and DA levels, two neurotransmitters involved in, for example, feeding behaviour and locomotor control in fish.