Showing papers in "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta in 2010"

TL;DR: Recent findings on the roles of MAPK signaling pathways in human disorders, focusing on cancer and neurodegenerative diseases including AD, PD, and ALS are summarized.

TL;DR: Recent progress in the understanding of ThT-fibril interactions at an atomic resolution is reviewed to offer guidance for designing the next generation of amyloid assembly diagnostics, inhibitors, and therapeutics.

TL;DR: This work summarizes the sources of intra-tumor phenotypic heterogeneity with emphasis on genetic heterogeneity and reviews experimental evidence for the existence of both intra-Tumor clonal heterogeneity as well as frequent evolutionary divergence between primary tumors and metastatic outgrowths.

TL;DR: Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are widely distributed in the animal kingdom and the human genome contains four paralogous genes encoding TIMPs 1 to 4, and their range of activities has now been found to be broader as it includes the inhibition of several of the disintegrin-metallop proteinases, ADAMs and ADAMTSs.

TL;DR: This review describes the family of intrinsically disordered proteins, members of which fail to form rigid 3-D structures under physiological conditions, either along their entire lengths or only in localized regions.

TL;DR: A consensus artificial neural network (ANN) prediction method, which was developed by combining the outputs of several individual disorder predictors and found to improve the prediction accuracy over a range of 3 to 20% with an average of 11% compared to the single predictors, depending on the datasets being used.

TL;DR: The links between adipokines, inflammation, adipose tissue expandability and lipotoxicity are discussed and how considering the concept of allostasis may enable a better understanding of how diabetes develops and allow the rational design of new anti diabetic treatments is discussed.

TL;DR: In this review, the existing knowledge about miRNAs synthesis, mechanisms for regulation of the genome, and their widespread functions in animals and plants is summarized and the current status of preclinical and clinical trials regarding miRNA therapeutics is reviewed.

TL;DR: Only small molecules that suppress NF-κB activation are described, and the mechanism by which they block this pathway is described.

TL;DR: Pharmacological interventions and genetic modifications in rodent models strongly implicate caspase-dependent and caspases-independent apoptosis and the mitochondrial permeability transition as important contributors to tissue damage, particularly when induced by short periods of temporary focal ischemia.

TL;DR: Evidence indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction has an early and preponderant role in Alzheimer's disease is discussed, and the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy in Alzheimer’s disease is also discussed.

TL;DR: Recent research indicated that several PD-associated genes interface with pathways regulating mitochondrial function, morphology, and dynamics, and in fact, sporadic and familial PD seem to converge at the level of mitochondrial integrity.

TL;DR: The role of serum ferritin in physiological and pathological processes and its use as a clinical tool is discussed, including newly described roles in iron delivery, angiogenesis, inflammation, immunity, signaling and cancer.

TL;DR: The unique features of mitochondrial genetics are outlined before detailing the diseases and their genetic causes, focusing specifically on primary mtDNA genetic defects.

TL;DR: The organs affected in metabolic syndrome include skeletal muscle, liver, heart and pancreas, which are now known to contain abnormal levels of triglycerides, and neutral fat is probably harmless, it is an index of ectopic lipid overload.

TL;DR: A shift in the MMP functional paradigm is highlighted, together with the difficulties associated with current methods of studying proteases this highlights the need for new high content degradomics approaches to uncover and annotate MMP activities in vivo and identify novel interactions within the protease web.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the desiccation tolerance of the photosynthetic machinery in H. rhodopensis is mainly based on mechanism(s) that lead to inactivation of photosystem II reaction centres (transformation to heat sinks), triggered already by a small RWC decrease.

TL;DR: Genomic analyses have been further extended through the generation of animal models of gain- or loss-of-function for MMPs which have allowed the identification of novel functions for these enzymes and the establishment of causal relationships between MMP dysregulation and development of different human diseases.

TL;DR: HMGB proteins are members of the High Mobility Group (HMG) superfamily, possessing a unique DNA-binding domain, the HMG-box, which can bind non-B-type DNA structures (bent, kinked and unwound) with high affinity, and also distort DNA by bending/looping and unwinding.

TL;DR: The studies suggest that HMGB1 is central to cancer (abnormal wound healing) and many of the findings in normal wound healing as well and therapeutic strategies based on targetingHMGB1 are suggested.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of the mitochondrial role in hypoxia is reviewed, focusing mainly on their role in cellular energy and reactive oxygen species homeostasis in relation with HIF-1 stabilization.

TL;DR: Increased production of PA by the microbiota might be considered beneficial in the context of prevention of obesity and diabetes type 2, and PA emerges as a major mediator in the link between nutrition, gut microbiota and physiology.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current knowledge on eukaryotic ribosome assembly, with particular focus on the molecular role of the involved energy-consuming enzymes.

TL;DR: It is shown that alpha-tocopherol plays an important role in the alleviation of stress induced by salt, heavy metal and osmoticum in Brassica juncea.

TL;DR: An overview of the Hh pathway's role in various tumor types is provided, where much of the framework for Hh-dependent malignancies has been elucidated in experimental mouse models, and three different signal transduction models for the pathway's involvement in cancer are discussed.

TL;DR: This review describes copper, zinc superoxide dismutase and manganese superoxide Dismutase in terms of the details of their catalytic properties, with an emphasis on the mechanistic differences between the enzymes.

TL;DR: This work has shown that a new (sub)class of apoptotic cancer cell death, redefined as 'immunogenic apoptosis' has started taking shape and has the capabilities to induce 'anticancer vaccine effect', in vivo.

TL;DR: The current understanding of how Cu,ZnSOD mutations may lead to aggregation/fibril formation is described, as a detailed understanding of these mechanisms provides new avenues for the development of therapeutics against this so far untreatable neurodegenerative pathology.

TL;DR: The molecular underpinnings of the action of rapamycin and novel active-site mTOR inhibitors are reviewed as well as potential advantages and caveats associated with the use of these drugs in the treatment of cancer.

TL;DR: The present review provides an update and overview of the biosynthetic pathways and actions of SPM, and examines resolution as an integrated component of the inflammatory response and its return to homeostasis via biochemically active resolution mechanisms.