Showing papers in "Brain Research Bulletin in 1988"

TL;DR: Results suggest that adrenergic as well as noradrenergic innervation to the PVN has a key role in the behavioral and endocrine systems of this nucleus and, moreover, that NPY generally mimics the effects of these catecholamines in the PVn.

TL;DR: This review briefly considers the phylogenetic development of nociceptive responses and behaviors, and the effects of various biological variables, including; age, development, sex, and temporal factors (biological rhythms) on nOCiception in rodents.

TL;DR: The results indicate a neurotoxic effect of prolonged intake of ethanol on cholinergic neurons in the NbM leading to a partial Cholinergic denervation of cortex, hippocampus and amygdala.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the LC is tuned to specifically respond to stimuli which are conspicuous to that species: stimuli which by their physical or behavioral properties evoke a change in the focus of attention.

TL;DR: This review identifies that CCWS and ICWS analgesia are sensitive to gender differences, gonadectomy differences and steroid replacement differences such that females display less analgesia than males, Gonadectomy reduces both analgesic responses, and that testosterone is most effective in reinstating gonad surgery-induced analgesic deficits.

TL;DR: The results suggest that potentially threshold excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs may normally arrive at central neurons but appear weak or absent except during behavioral conditions favoring the synaptic release of NE.

TL;DR: Comparison of afferents to several thalamic nuclei directly related to striatal function and the prefrontal cortex show, that forebrain thalams from pallidal and hypothalamic sites, are organised with a clear topography.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that laminin does not promote regeneration of axons and that Schwann cells play the primary role of offering trophic support and even a substrate for growth in PN grafts, and that RGC survival is enhanced by Pn grafts even when Schwann Cells are absent.

TL;DR: The results are compatible with the view that one or more cyclooxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid are involved in the IL-1 induced fever.

TL;DR: Combined studies indicate that GABA immunoreactive neurons in the gustatory NST do not project axons to the PBNc, to the caudal NST, or to regions adjacent to the rostral or caudAL NST.

TL;DR: Cultures of endothelial cells (EC) derived from human (autopsy) and canine brain microvessels were characterized with respect to growth, morphology, and biochemical features and Lectin histochemistry demonstrated that human EC lack the abundant alpha-galactose residues characteristic of canine EC membranes and organelles.

TL;DR: It is suggested that prolonged exposure to cocaine does not produce neurotoxicity like that observed with d-amphetamine or d-methylamphetamine.

TL;DR: It is suggested that GA in local circuit interneurons may provide a significant control or modulation of the cholinergic neurons and of cholinergy functions within the basal nucleus.

TL;DR: Results indicated that 1) dopaminergic axon terminals could interact directly with striatal cholinergic interneurons via tight appositions with distances comparable to conventional synapses; and 2) there is a convergence of dopaminerg and cholinerg axon Terminals on noncholinergic striatal neurons.

TL;DR: The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus may be best considered as a dynamic mosaic of chemically specified subgroups of neurons, which may play a central role of a functional plasticity of fixed anatomical circuits.

TL;DR: 5HT intraspinal neurons are the probable source of the biochemically detectable 5HT that remains in the spinal cord distal to a spinal transection and it is unknown if they are preganglionic in nature.

TL;DR: The findings presented here of work on the opisthobranch mollusc Pleurobranchaea californica indicate that some of the variability that has been observed in the activity of neurons during patterned motor activity may be attributable to low-dimensional chaos.

TL;DR: The results implicate glutamate and/or aspartate as putative neurotransmitters in afferent projections from the basolateral amygdala and the parataenial thalamus to the nucleus accumbens.

TL;DR: Electron microscopic examination revealed numerous synaptosomal profiles which are clearly of mossy fiber origin, indicated by their large size (2-6 micron diameter) and characteristic morphology, which will be useful in identifying the factors that modulate the release of amino acid and opioid neurotransmitters from hippocampal nerve terminals.

TL;DR: Comparisons of afferent projections to a variety of non-specific thalamic nuclei, the parafascicular, paraventricular and mediodorsal thAlamic nuclea, indicate a remarkable set of topographic parallels from cortical, reticular th alamic, hypothalamic and brainstem sites.

TL;DR: Injections into the SMI produced labeling in distinct sets of specific and non-specific thalamic nuclei, which included the ventrolateral (VL), ventromedial (VM), posteromedial (Pom) and posterior (Po) nuclei; the densest labeling was found in the VL, and to a slightly lesser extent, in the Pom nuclei.

TL;DR: The data reported here support the idea that rewarding electrical stimulation causes the release of dopamine.

TL;DR: The results suggest that iron and transferrin have slow, bidirectional, probably saturable, and to some degree independent transport systems, although iron introduced directly into the brain is not readily available for brain to blood transport.

TL;DR: The classical view of neocortical activation as dependent on a reticulothalamocortical pathway seems to be incorrect and it appears, instead, that neocorticals activation is dependent jointly on a cholinergic input from the basal forebrain and a serotonergicinput from the brainstem.

TL;DR: The data indicate that adenosine may play a neuromodulatory role in central cardiovascular control areas in rats and show dose-related decreases in blood pressure and heart rate.

TL;DR: Results demonstrate that postsynaptic DA receptors in the CPu are of both the D1 and D2 variety; however, a portion of D2 receptors inThe CPu may be presynaptic on afferent nerve terminals to this structure.

TL;DR: Results suggest that cells within the superior colliculus are capable of influencing respiration and that the respiratory changes may be preparatory for both approach and defensive movements, and the collicular cells that affect respiration may be different from those that influence blood pressure, because the latter are relatively insensitive to microinjection of glutamate.

TL;DR: Results suggest a role for central oxytocin in autonomic efferent activity and show that oxytocIn antagonist microinjected into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve blocks gastric and cardiac effects caused by stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

TL;DR: The anatomical atlas was used in analysis of some PET scan images obtained after administration of either a benzodiazepine (BZ) antagonists, (11C)-Ro 15-1788, or a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, (76Br)-bromospiperone.

TL;DR: The finding that stimulation patterns designed to mimic naturally-occurring cell discharge patterns are highly effective for LTP induction greatly strengthens the hypothesis that LTP actually occurs during the encoding of information in cortical systems.