Showing papers in "Cellular Signalling in 2012"

TL;DR: This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which ROS directly interact with critical signaling molecules to initiate signaling in a broad variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation and survival, ROS homeostasis and antioxidant gene regulation, mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, and aging.

TL;DR: The major hallmark of cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest and thus it is a potent tumor suppressor mechanism and emerging data has revealed that NF-κB signaling is the major signaling pathway which stimulates the appearance of SASP.

TL;DR: This novel signalling pathway has two important implications: on one hand, it represents an auto regulatory loop for TNFR2; on the other hand, when this signal is triggered TNFR1 activity is modified so that antiapoptotic pathways are inhibited and apoptotic reactions are enhanced.

TL;DR: Regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 expression and the recently described divergent regulatory roles of the two p38(MAPK)-activated protein kinases MK2 and MK3 for the regulation of LPS-induced NF-κB- and IRF3-mediated signal-transduction and gene expression appears to play an important role.

TL;DR: The evidence that has accumulated recently validates the role of IQGAP1 as a scaffold protein and expands the repertoire of cellular activities in which it participates.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the physiological and pathological role of ERK5, the regulation of this kinase and the recent development of small molecule inhibitors of the ERk5 signalling cascade.

TL;DR: The P-Rex1/Rac signaling pathway may represent an attractive target for breast cancer therapy and is highly overexpressed in human luminal breast tumors, particularly those expressing ErbB2 and estrogen receptor (ER).

TL;DR: Redox dependent activation (ER) and amplification (cytosol) loops that control the UPR are described and the consequences these regulatory loops have on cell fate and physiology are described.

TL;DR: The different methods used to sleep deprive animals and the effects of different durations of sleep deprivation on learning and memory are discussed and those thought to play a critical role in the memory and synaptic plasticity deficits observed after sleep deprivation are reviewed.

TL;DR: Results collectively suggest that TβRI serine-threonine kinase-induced TGF-β signaling and microRNAs, the epigenetic regulator of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, are involved in EndMT and promote profibrotic signaling in End MT-derived fibroblast-like cells.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the signaling regulating PRAS40 phosphorylation, as well as the dual function ofPRAS40 as substrate and inhibitor of mTORC1 upon growth factor stimulation and under pathophysiological conditions.

TL;DR: This article focuses on activators and regulators of the C/EBPβ system in monocytic cells, including differentiating agents, cytokines, and bacterial products as well as associated signaling pathways.

TL;DR: The results suggested that miR-146a may function as a novel regulator to modulate HSC activation during TGF-β1 induction by targeting SMAD4.

TL;DR: The molecular basis of adhesion-initiated signaling, the impact of loss of cell-ECM adhesion on normal cell survival, the role of cancer cell aggregate formation via intercellular adhesion under non-adherent condition, and mechanisms of anoikis resistance developed in metastatic cancer cells are discussed.

TL;DR: The molecular determinants for the formation of the mammalian apoptosome and caspase activation are discussed and the related signaling platforms in flies and nematodes are described.

TL;DR: In this review, the recently identified PLCε enzyme is an isoform that is uniquely regulated by multiple upstream signals including ras-family GTP binding proteins as well as heterotrimeric G-proteins, revealing a surprisingly wide range of unexpected functions in cellular signaling, physiology and disease.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that two members of the miR-17 microRNA family,miR-20a and miB-106b, may participate in regulating leucine deprivation induced autophagy via suppression of ULK1 expression in C2C12 myoblasts.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) acts as a processing enzyme for CD44 cleavage, which would promote the malignant potential of tumor cells.

TL;DR: Targeting inhibition of Fzd7 with small interfering peptides or a small molecule inhibitor suppressed β-catenin-dependent tumor cell growth and represents a rational and promising new approach for cancer therapy.

TL;DR: The identification of a novel class of histone demethylases as true dioxygenases suggests that chromatin can act as an oxygen sensor and plays an active role in the coordination of the cellular response to hypoxia.

TL;DR: The data indicate that silibinin is a novel small molecule Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor by suppressing Wnt co-receptor LRP6 expression at the transcription level, and that the anti-cancer activity of silib inin is associated with its inhibitory effect on WNT/LRP6 signaling.

TL;DR: This review makes a summary on current understanding of the roles of miRNAs in the development of liver fibrosis, HSC functions and their potential as novel drug targets.

TL;DR: The expanded knowledge regarding TLR signaling and autophagy signaling is summarized, highlighting the signaling crosstalk between the TLR-associated innate immune responses and the regulation of innate immunity by xenophagy and aggrephagy.

TL;DR: The results indicate that IL-17A stimulates CF proliferation and migration via Akt/miR-101/MKP-1-dependent p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activation, which support a potential role for IL- 17 in cardiac fibrosis and adverse myocardial remodeling.

TL;DR: Scaffold proteins are analyzed by analyzing their common and distinctive mechanisms of action and regulation, which underlie their functional plasticity in cell signaling, which should have ramifications for human physiology and for developing new therapeutic approaches to control pathological states and diseases.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated, for the first time, that PI3K/Akt pathway regulates the CSE expression via Sp1, which is particularly important to understand the effect of PI3k/AKT and CSE on the tumorigenesis.

TL;DR: The identification of several classes of RSPO receptors may indicate that this family of proteins can affect several signaling cascades, and its potential therapeutic implications to human diseases is discussed.

TL;DR: This review summarizes current findings on the critical functions exerted by E3s and DUBs in transcriptional control, particularly chromatin remodeling and transcription initiation/elongation.

TL;DR: Research over the past decade or more has established that G proteins serve non-canonical roles in the cell, whereby they regulate novel effectors, undergo activation independently of a GPCR, and/or function at subcellular locations other than the plasma membrane.

TL;DR: This review will summarize the recently studied non-neuronal functions of Cdk5, with a thorough analysis of the biological consequences of these novel roles.