Showing papers in "Chest in 2016"

TL;DR: The snoring, tiredness, observed apnea, high BP, BMI, age, neck circumference, and male gender (STOP-Bang) questionnaire was specifically developed to meet the need for a reliable, concise, and easy-to-use screening tool.

TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic search for articles reporting direct observation of inhaler technique by trained personnel covered the period from 1975 to 2014, and the authors aimed to assess the most common errors in inhaler use over the past 40 years in patients treated with MDIs or dry powder inhalers (DPIs).

TL;DR: Reslizumab improved lung function, asthma control and symptoms, and quality of life and was well tolerated in patients with inadequately controlled asthma (despite standard therapy) and elevated blood eosinophil levels.

TL;DR: Rlizumab was well tolerated in patients with inadequately controlled asthma, with fewer overall adverse events compared with placebo and Clinically meaningful effects on lung function and symptom control were not seen in patients unselected for baseline eosinophils.

TL;DR: The study showed that both cigarettes have unfavorable effects on markers of oxidative stress and FMD after single use, although e-Cigarettes seemed to have a lesser impact.

TL;DR: The present article reviews the diagnostic criteria, prevalence, causative factors, and consequences of burnout syndrome, and discusses potential interventions that may be used to prevent and treat BOS.

TL;DR: Evidence on the technical aspects of EB US-TBNA varies in strength but is satisfactory in certain areas to guide clinicians on the best conditions to perform EBUS-guided tissue sampling.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the epidemiologic and pathophysiologic aspects of ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) and highlight diagnostic challenges associated with its diagnosis in patients who are critically ill; and propose, to the best of their knowledge, a novel strategy for identifying ICUAW.

TL;DR: The proposed ACOS criteria are present in 15% of a cohort of patients with COPD and these patients show better 1-year prognosis than clinically similar patientswith COPD with no ACos criteria.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the clinical implications of serum lactate measurement in diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostication in acute and intensive care settings and explore treatment of lactic acidosis and its impact on clinical outcome.

TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) asked: What is the efficacy of treatment compared with usual care for cough severity, cough frequency, and cough-related quality of life in patients with unexplained chronic cough?

TL;DR: Short-term exposure to a 10-μg/m(3) increment of ambient PM2.5 is associated with increased COPD hospitalizations and mortality, and further study is needed to elucidate to what extent this relationship is causal.

TL;DR: Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apxaban appear to have similar effectiveness, although apixaban may be associated with a lower bleeding risk and rivroxaban may been associated with an elevated bleeding risk.

TL;DR: A retrospective analysis using data reported to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry from 2006 to 2012 to determine the annual percent changes in the prevalence and incidence of selected CF pathogens found that the epidemiology of CF pathogens continues to change.

TL;DR: It is only proper to consider that dual bronchodilation is better than a LAMA or a LABA alone, regardless of the drugs used, and a gradient of effectiveness among the currently available LAMA/LABA FDCs is identified.

TL;DR: The initial 30-month experience with a novel multidisciplinary PERT that rapidly engages multiple specialists to deliver efficient, organized, and evidence-based care to patients with high-risk PE may become a new standard of care for patients with PE.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that evaluated the use of warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease (CKD) to evaluate the risks of ischemic stroke/thromboembolism, major bleeding, and mortality.

TL;DR: Evidence is assessed that ventilatory and other "adjunctive" strategies that decrease biotrauma offer great potential to minimize the adverse consequences of VILI and to improve the outcomes of patients with respiratory failure.

TL;DR: Combined SPT and pregabalin reduces symptoms and improves QOL compared with SPT alone in patients with CRC.

TL;DR: Exposure to passive smoke significantly increased the risk of lung cancer in adult nonsmokers and increased the risks of asthma, wheeze, lower respiratory infections, and reduced lung function in children, and active and passive smoking increased therisk of tuberculosis.

TL;DR: Several potential mechanisms to explain the link between metabolic syndrome and lung diseases are discussed, including dietary factors and the effect of adiposity and fat-induced inflammation on the lungs, and the role of other comorbidities that frequently coexist with MetS, such as OSA and obesity.

TL;DR: This review examines the role of prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure and its association with augmenting infection risk, skewing the immune response toward a T-helper type 2 bias and increasing risk for developing an allergic phenotype and asthmalike symptoms during childhood.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identified all pharmacologic treatments evaluated for IPF and analyzed their efficacy via Bayesian network meta-analysis and pairwise indirect treatment comparisons, finding that no treatments performed better than placebo for respiratory-specific mortality.

TL;DR: CNSS among hospitalized patients is common, and its proportion is on the rise, and it is associated with greater acute organ dysfunction and mortality.

TL;DR: It may be feasible and safe to substitute LUS for CXR when evaluating children suspected of having pneumonia with no missed cases of pneumonia or increase in rates of adverse events.

TL;DR: Melanoma patients treated by immunotherapy should be considered for developing sarcoid-like granulomatous reaction that must not be confused with tumor progression, considering the recently demonstrated role of activated PD-1/PDL-1 axis in Sarcoidosis.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors updated the 2006 ACCP clinical practice guidelines for management of reflux-cough syndrome and found no high-quality studies pertinent to either question and concluded that there was a strong placebo effect for cough improvement; studies including diet modification and weight loss had better cough outcomes.

TL;DR: Patients with NPPE generate very negative airway pressures, which augment transvascular fluid filtration and precipitate interstitial and alveolar edema.

TL;DR: The study patients presenting to the hospital with a severe eosinophilic exacerbation of COPD had a shorter length of stay, suggesting that better treatment stratification of exacerbations can be used.