Showing papers in "European Journal of Pharmacology in 1999"

TL;DR: A role in associative stimulus-reward learning can provide an explanation for the extinction-like impairment of primary reinforcement that led Wise to propose the "anhedonia hypothesis" as mentioned in this paper, where addictive drugs share with natural rewards the property of stimulating dopamine transmission preferentially in the nucleus accumbens shell.

TL;DR: Current research is focused on discovering new subtype-selective drugs, identifying non-traditional signaling pathways activated by these receptors, clarifying how multiple signals are integrated, and identifying proteins interacting directly with the receptors to influence their functions.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that two different treatment strategies converge to produce an identical functional endpoint: a region-specific dampening of NMDA receptor function, providing a rudimentary framework for discovering novel antidepressants.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the synaptic availability of 5-HT is involved in the mechanism leading to stress-induced dendritic remodeling and supports the idea that the hippocampal inhibitory GABAergic tone may play a regulatory role.

TL;DR: A number of metabolites affecting brain function originate from tryptophan metabolism and selective inhibitors of their forming enzymes may be useful to understand their role in physiology or as therapeutic agents in pathology.

TL;DR: Six distinct recombinant P2X receptor subtypes were pharmacologically characterized in a heterologous expression system devoid of endogenous P2 receptor activity, and each receptor subtype exhibited a distinct pharmacological profile, based on its respective sensitivity to nucleotide analogs, diadenosine polyphosphates and putative P1 receptor antagonists.

TL;DR: The results show that cannabinoids modulate the motivation for beer via both cannabinoid CB1 receptors and opioid receptors, and suggests that the drug effect may reflect a general stimulatory effect on appetite for palatable beverages, although a more specific effect on the desire for alcohol cannot be ruled out.

TL;DR: It is reported that NO synthase antagonists are as efficacious as imipramine in reducing the duration of immobility in the mouse forced swim test, and this data support the hypothesis that NO synthesis antagonists possess antidepressant properties and may represent a novel class of therapeutics for major depressive disorders.

TL;DR: The effects of intra-amygdalar neuropeptide Y infusions were assessed in rats using the social interaction test and produced an anxiolytic-like effect through neuropetide Y Y1 receptors located in the basolateral amygdala.

TL;DR: Leptin (OB-Rb) receptors exist in human lung tissue and leptin may have stimulatory effects on the proliferation of cells of a human cell line and mouse tracheal epithelial cells through its specific leptin receptor.

TL;DR: Emerging data from human and animal studies suggest that glucose-derived oxidative stress may play a central role, linking together many of the other currently invoked pathogenetic mechanisms such as the aldose reductase and glycation pathways, vascular dysfunction, and impaired neurotrophic support.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that 5-HT2A receptor or alpha1-adrenoceptor activation enhance neurotransmitter release from a similar subset of glutamate terminals that innervate apical dendrites of layer V pyramidal cells.

TL;DR: 5-HT-evoked contraction of human coronary arteries is most probably mediated via the activation of both 5-HT1B and 5- HT2A receptors.

TL;DR: BIIE0246 displayed antagonistic properties and thus represents the first selective non-peptides neuropeptide Y Y(2) receptor antagonist.

TL;DR: Distinct behavioural effects in experimental animals suggest the involvement of tachykinin NK1 receptors in nociceptive transmission, basal ganglia function or anxiety and depression, and it is well possible that tachykine NK1 receptor antagonists will be clinically used for treatment of specific CNS disorders within a short period of time.

TL;DR: From skin secretions of Bombina variegata and Bombina bombina, a small protein termed Bv8 is isolated, related to protein A, a component of the venom of the black mamba, and stimulates the contraction of the guinea-pig ileum at nanomolar concentrations.

TL;DR: Results suggest that endogenous cannabinoid CB receptors play a crucial role in the process of memory storage and retrieval.

TL;DR: The cloning, localisation, function and structure of the melanocortin receptors are reviewed, in relation to the possibilities to develop selective drugs for these receptors, for control of feeding homeostasis and body weight and for treatment of inflammatory diseases.

TL;DR: The results indicate that D( 1)-/- mice have a deficit in spatial learning without visual or motor impairment, suggesting that dopamine D(1) receptors are involved in at least one form of the cognitive processes.

TL;DR: It is suggested that neuropeptide Y is involved in feeding central regulation in goldfish, acting via specific neuropeptic Y receptors, and that hypothalamic neuropePTide Y would be released in response to food deprivation, contributing to generate the consequent eating behavior stimulation in Carassius auratus.

TL;DR: The review discusses the possible role of adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2, and A3) in the context of their involvement in the pathology of cerebral ischemia, and analyzes putative strategies for the development of clinically useful strategies based onAdenosine and its receptors.

TL;DR: The results indicate that methcathinone and methylone potently inhibit plasma membrane catecholamine transporters but only weakly inhibit the vesicle transporter.

TL;DR: The inability of higher doses of the cholinesterase inhibitors to antagonise memory deficits induced by scopolamine may be related to excessive cholinergic stimulation in the central nervous system.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the neurosteroids may play a role in the anxiolytic and rewarding effects of alcohol in sP rats.

TL;DR: The metabotropic glutamate receptors are GTP-binding-protein (G-protein) coupled receptors that play important roles in regulating the activity of many synapses in the central nervous system.

TL;DR: It was demonstrated that the gallic acid moiety of theaflavin-3,3'-digallate is essential for their potent anti-inflammation activity, and the reduction could be via preventing the activation of NF-kappaB, thereby inhibiting the induction of inducible NO synthase transcription.

TL;DR: This report characterizes the cannabinoid CB2 receptor-selective cannabinoid antagonist, SR144528, and additionally suggests an absence of cannabinoids CB2 receptors in the rat central nervous system, an observation confirmed by Northern blot.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the changes in the plasticity of GABA(A) receptors that occur in rat brain during pregnancy and after delivery are related to the physiological changes in plasma and brain concentrations of neurosteroids.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the activity of recently developed antiparkinsonian drugs at either the dopamine D1 or the serotonin D3 and not only the dopamineD2 receptors should be taken into account in analyses of their mechanisms of action in therapeutics.

TL;DR: The present data support the hypothesis of a role for the cannabinoid CB1 receptor as a regulatory mechanism of monoaminergic neuron-mediated psychomotor activation in Cannabis-associated psychosis.