Showing papers in "Molecular Immunology in 2006"

TL;DR: In this article, the structural and functional aspects of SP-A and SP-D with emphasis on their roles in controlling pulmonary infection, allergy and inflammation are discussed, and a recently proposed model based on studies with the calreticulin-CD91 complex as a receptor for SP-a andSP-D in naive lungs which would help minimise the potential damage that continual low level exposure to pathogens, allergens and apoptosis can cause.

TL;DR: It is reported for the first time that carbon nanotubes activate human complement via both classical and alternative pathways, and it is concluded that complement activation by nanot tubes is consistent with reported adjuvant effects, and might also in various circumstances promote damaging effects of excessive complement activation.

TL;DR: It is suggested that BiTE-activated polyclonal T cells may ignore major immune evasion mechanisms of tumor cells in vivo, such as loss of MHC class I expression.

TL;DR: MT110 appears as an attractive bispecific antibody candidate for treatment of human Ep-CAM-overexpressing carcinomas and could eradicate patient-derived metastatic ovarian cancer tissue growing under the skin of NOD/SCID mice.

TL;DR: expression analysis of IL-22, IL-26 and two IFN-gamma genes suggests an active role of these genes in immune responses in fish, and the structural homology is further validated by phylogenetic analysis showing that the isolated cytokine genes are homologous to mammalian counterparts.

TL;DR: Current research provides clues how mutations occurring in genes coding for single complement components or the inactivation of single regulators lead to defective alternative pathway amplification, via the convertase C3bBb, explain how defects of a single regulator lead to local, organ specific damage.

TL;DR: A review of ongoing research attempt to illuminate at which conditions MBL deficiency may lead to disease illustrates the diversity of results obtained so far.

TL;DR: The role played by the complement system in the fetal damage induced by anti-phospholipid antibodies in a mouse model will be examined.

TL;DR: The results presented here suggest that the IHNV DNA vaccine induces up-regulation of the type I IFN system across multiple tissues, which is the functional basis of early anti-viral immunity.

TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of the mechanisms underlying complement and TLR-mediated regulation of adaptive immunity are discussed and the regulation of T cell immunity is focused on.

TL;DR: It is concluded that cells within the human PBMC population, including lymphocytes, express functional GABAA receptors and these receptors may modulate immune responses.

TL;DR: It was shown that EF1-alpha was the most stably expressed gene both between individuals and the different tissues/leucocytes, as well as comparing the expression results of the non-stimulated tissues and leucocytes using the Normfinder programme.

TL;DR: The results indicate that cortisol significantly inhibits the well-described LPS-dependent induction of the expression of TNF-alpha2, a pro-inflammatory cytokine.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that CD56-positive lymphocytes within human PBMC contributed >90% to ADCC and that normal serum levels of IgG effectively competed for in vitro binding of an IgG1 antibody to low-affinity Fcgamma receptor type III (CD16), as is present on natural killer (NK) cells.

TL;DR: This review focuses on evasion of medically and scientifically important bacteria by acquisition of host derived fluid-phase complement regulatory proteins, in particular factor H, FHL-1, and C4b binding protein.

TL;DR: Data show an additive effect for mutations in MCP and factor I and provide definitive support to the conclusion that aHUS results from a defective protection of cellular surfaces from complement activation, illustrating that concurrence of multiple hits in complement regulatory proteins may be necessary to significantly impair host tissue protection and to confer susceptibility to aH US.

TL;DR: Analysis of larger patient groups is required in order to establish guidelines for investigation and treatment of patients with complement deficiency, and a significant association was found between C2 deficiency and atherosclerosis.

TL;DR: It appears that the catfish LEAP-2 gene is regulated at the level of splicing; it is constitutively transcribed, but remains unspliced until 6 days after hatching, and was induced in a tissue-specific manner.

TL;DR: Data demonstrate that Akt plays a critical role in LPS-induced production of IL-10, and down-regulation of Akt by siRNA resulted in a decrease in L PS-induced IL- 10 production.

TL;DR: The presence of TLRs onChicken monocytes and the differential induction of NO production in chicken monocytes by various TLR agonists suggest the differentiation of signaling pathways downstream of individual TLRs.

TL;DR: Results indicated there were both temporal differences and tissue differences in the transcriptional response to bacterial exposure, potentially of relevance to the establishment of protection.

TL;DR: The regulatory mechanisms involved in sodium butyrate-induced cathelicidin gene expression using a human lung epithelial cell line, EBC-1 are examined and it is indicated that AP-1 and histone acetylation of the cathe Alicidin promoter play a critical role in the regulation of inducible cathe Licidin genes expression in E BC-1 cells stimulated with sodiumbutyrate.

TL;DR: This review is focused on different approaches for the development of inhibitors, on their site of action in the cascade, on possible indications for complement inhibition based on experimental animal data, and on potential side effects of such treatment.

TL;DR: It is shown that LPS causes translocation of CD-14 and MAP kinases to lipid rafts in the macrophage cell line RAW 264 and the adaptor proteins MyD88 and Gab-2, on the other hand, were not detected in the lipid raft fractions.

TL;DR: Cannabinoids were found to downregulate the PMA-enhanced enzyme activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9, which is known to play an important role in transendothelial migration and cannabinoids differentially regulate CXCR4-mediated migration and MAP kinase activation in T cells.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the regulation of mbl2 gene expression in man is more complex than previously anticipated and that local expression of MBL may be relevant in local immune defense, particularly in restricted areas of the gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts.

TL;DR: The CD4-like genes 1 and 2 in fish apparently went through an evolution different from that of LAG-3 and CD4 in higher vertebrates, which may be related to tetraploid ancestry of salmonid fishes.

TL;DR: Evidence from literature indicates that DNA methylation mediated down regulation of genes involved in apoptosis could be a significant mechanism through which tumor cells avoid apoptosis.

TL;DR: These studies provide the first procedures for the growth of bacterial biofilms on live epithelial cells in vitro, an important development that may facilitate future studies on the effects of bacterial Biofilm formation by commensal bacteria within the mammalian gut.

TL;DR: While some antibodies bind to FcRn with different kinetics, including antibodies that differ only by containing the kappa or lambda light chain--a result which itself is unexpected--it is demonstrated that some IgGs with higher affinity for F cRn do not have extended in vivo half-lives.