Showing papers in "Neuropharmacology in 2000"

TL;DR: A battery of useful tests for evaluating sensorimotor function and plasticity acutely and chronically in unilateral rat models of central nervous system injury are reviewed and OP-1 showed a beneficial effect on limb use asymmetry in the cylinder test.

TL;DR: It seems that peptides may play a role particularly when the nervous system is stressed, challenged or afflicted by disease, and that peptidergic systems may, therefore, be targets for novel therapeutic strategies.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe patterns of recovery in stroke patients of varying severity when different measures are used and when different cut-off points are selected, and compared the recovery using the different measures and varying the cutoff points for defining successful recovery.

TL;DR: The overall distribution of 5-HT2C-like immunoreactivity complements previous findings with conventional radioligands and agrees well with reported levels of5- HT2C receptor mRNA.

TL;DR: This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of sensorimotor deficits in the mouse after focal ischaemia induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and rates of recovery over time were examined.

TL;DR: The results show that at least two separate processes contribute to recovery in postsurgical performance, and suggest that true recovery from motor cortex injury will require that damaged neurons and their connections be rescued or replaced.

TL;DR: The decrease in 5-HT1A mRNA levels in the anterior raphe suggests that fluoxetine-induced desensitization of 5- HT1A autoreceptors involves changes at the transcription level.

TL;DR: The extracellular domain of alpha6 efficiently assembles with beta2 to form ACh binding sites, but more C-terminal domains cause difficulties in forming pentameric AChRs.

TL;DR: Brain mapping studies that have examined stroke recovery are reviewed, finding that measurement of post-stroke restorative events may also have value as a surrogate end point in clinical trials.

TL;DR: The data indicate that D3 reduces ischemia-induced brain damage and supports the hypothesis that this effect may be through the up-regulation of GDNF mechanisms in cortex.

TL;DR: The data indicate that intracerebral grafting of a combination of BM with BDNF enhances differentiation of BM cells and significantly improves motor recovery of rotarod and adhesive-removal tests.

TL;DR: The evidence that GABAergic function is acutely depressed following an ischaemic insult is examined, and the data that suggest that increasing cerebral GABA concentration has a neuroprotective effect, as does the administration of some (but not all) GABAmimetic agents are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the alpha7 subtype of nAChR can support neuronal survival after an excitotoxic stimulus, through a Ca(2+) dependent mechanism that operates downstream of NMDA receptor activation.

TL;DR: In normal mouse pups, GR205171 attenuated neonatal vocalisations when administered at a high dose (30 mg/kg) only, consistent with its lower affinity for the rat than the guinea-pig NK(1) receptor.

TL;DR: The opposite effects of lamotrigine on glutamate and GABA release are similar to those reported previously with phenytoin, and suggest that reciprocal modulation of the background release of the major excitatory and inhibitory transmitters may be a significant factor in dampening excitability in pathologically hyperexcitable cortical networks.

TL;DR: In lethargic mice (lh/lh), a genetic absence model, MPEP, 50 mg/kg i.p., caused a marked reduction in the incidence of spontaneous spike-and-wave discharges and the ED(50) for MPEP for impaired rotarod performance is 128 [83-193] mg/ kg i.c.v.

TL;DR: The evidence presented is consistent with the hypothesis that PI 3-kinase activation, possibly by NGF, plays a role in expression of LTP in dentate gyrus, and wortmannin also exerted an inhibitory effect on KCl-stimulated glutamate release and calcium influx in hippocampal synaptosomes in vitro.

TL;DR: These studies suggest that activation of α 7 receptors in the CNS elicits antinociceptive effects in an acute thermal pain model.

TL;DR: It is suggested that α9 contains the structural determinants responsible for the pharmacological properties of the native receptor, and displays mixed nicotinic–muscarinic features that resemble the ones described for the cholinergic receptor of cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs).

TL;DR: A unique profile of integrated behavioral and physiological hyporesponsivity in mice during periadolescence is suggested, which represents a very useful model for the study of the issue of psychobiological risk factors involved in vulnerability to drugs of abuse in human adolescents.

TL;DR: Findings substantiate and extend previous findings of different effects of selective versus non-selective GABA uptake inhibitors in animal models of epilepsy.

TL;DR: Data show that MK-0869 and its prodrug, L-758,298, have good activity against cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets and provided a basis for the clinical testing of these agents for the treatment of emesis associated with cancer chemotherapy.

TL;DR: The adenosine A(2A) receptor system appears to be one of the first presynaptic neuromodulatory systems able to enhance the evoked release of GABA from hippocampal nerve terminals.

TL;DR: Data suggest that LY354740 could be a novel anti-panic drug, as effective as alprazolam in acute treatment, in this model of rats with chronic inhibition of GABA synthesis in the dorsomedial hypothalamus.

TL;DR: Results indicate that mGlu5 receptors represent a suitable target for novel neuroprotective agents of potential application in neurodegenerative disorders.

TL;DR: NPY promotes sleep and inhibits the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis in humans, pointing to a possible role of NPY agonists for the development of novel treatment strategies for affective disorders.

TL;DR: It is suggested that nanomolar concentrations of nicotine after acute intake suppress inhibitory inputs to pyramidal cells through a disinhibitory mechanism involving activation of alpha4beta2 nA ChRs and desensitization of alpha7 nAChRs, and after chronic intake leads to up-regulation of both receptor subtypes via desensItization.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided for inhibition of T-, N- and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels by fluoxetine at therapeutically relevant concentrations.

TL;DR: Brain ALLO synthesized in brain plays an important physiological permissive role in the modulation of GABA-gated Cl- channel function and the duration of the righting reflex loss elicited by muscimol is reduced.

TL;DR: Calcium influx through either voltage-gated calcium channels or directly through presynaptic alpha7-containing nAChRs is sufficient to support nicotine-elicited facilitation of glutamate release, and resultant increases in intracellular calcium may further modulate presYNaptic nA ChR activity in a subunit-composition dependent manner.