Showing papers in "Neurotoxicology and Teratology in 2006"

TL;DR: The effects on brain function associated with prenatal methylmercury exposure appear to be multi-focal and permanent, supported by independent assessment of neurophysiological outcomes.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that exposure to EACs during this critical period could alter the sexually dimorphic expression of TH and the overall expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in the AVPV and identified a population of neurons co-expressing TH and ERalpha located primarily in the medial region of the A VPV.

TL;DR: In research with animal models of inhalant abuse, NMDA, GABA(A), glycine, nicotine, and 5HT(3) receptors appear to be important targets of action for several abused solvents with emerging evidence suggesting that other receptor subtypes and nerve membrane ion channels may be involved as well.

TL;DR: It is suggested that prenatal marijuana exposure alters neural functioning during visuospatial working memory processing in young adulthood.

TL;DR: The use of zebrafish EK strain is a suitable in vivo vertebrate model system for analyzing the teratogenic effect of ethanol during vertebrate visual system morphogenesis as it relates to both cyclopia and FAS.

TL;DR: Results indicate that treatment with MeHg caused adverse effects on both reproduction of the dams and decreased progeny survival and suggest that antioxidant nutrients in the diet may alter MeHG reproductive and developmental toxicity.

TL;DR: Embryos co-exposed to ethanol and a combination of ethanol metabolism inhibitors and antioxidants led to a significant increase in the occurrence of pericardial edema and cell death appear to be mechanistically distinct.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that the CPOX4 polymorphism may affect susceptibility for specific neurobehavioral functions associated with mercury exposure in human subjects, and is associated with four measures in DDs and five measures in DAs.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that paternal COC abuse prior to coitus may impact the development of the offspring, particularly if they are females, and point to an intriguing possibility that COC may cause paternally induced neuroteratological effects by interfering with gene-imprinting patterns in male gametes.

TL;DR: The present study demonstrates that prenatal alcohol-exposed children, with or without facial dysmorphology, have abnormal brain anatomy and chemistry.

TL;DR: It is indicated that different syndromes of behavioral effects are associated with prenatal and postnatal iron deprivation in rhesus monkey infants and that these effects can occur in the absence of concurrent iron deficiency as reflected in hematological measures.

TL;DR: There is need for a better understanding of the interactive effects of PCBs and MeHg, especially in regard to motor function, because the cerebellum could be a sensitive target for combined PCB and Mehg toxicity.

TL;DR: It is reported that zebrafish treated with the antipsychotics fluphenazine and haloperidol (both of which can induce severe EPS in humans) develop movement defects, and a rapid assay system is established in which the effects of EPS-inducing agents can be assessed.

TL;DR: These findings suggest that the associations observed between MeHg and developmental outcomes may vary with developmental stage, and should further inform growing scientific interest in the analysis of the risks and benefits of fish consumption on overall cognitive ability.

TL;DR: Both acutely poisoned long-term workers and chronically high exposed workers exhibited similar disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing, in the absence of any related acute effect of butyrylcholinesterase inhibition.

TL;DR: The inhibitory effect observed on these enzymes could contribute to the neurodegenerative events promoted by methanol in zebrafish brain.

TL;DR: It is suggested that regular smoking during early adulthood is associated with cognitive impairments in selected domains and that these deficits may be reversed upon cessation and add to the body of evidence to be used in persuading adolescents and young adults against the initiation of smoking and, if currently smoking, the advantages of stopping.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided for the dysregulation of expression of cerebellar ryanodine receptor (RyR) isoforms in PCB-exposed brains, and this could contribute to the rotating rod deficit by changing critical aspects of intracellular calcium signaling within the cerebellum.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that lanthanum is a potential behavior teratogen and the information provided by this work should be considered in future applications of lanthanides.

TL;DR: The results from the time series study supported the general study hypothesis that exposure to the indoor air of WDBs is associated with SBS and moderate improvements were seen in MMP9, leptin, and VEGF serum levels.

TL;DR: Results in zebrafish were similar to results reported in mammals supporting the utility of this in vivo method for identifying potential neuroprotective anti-oxidants, including L-hydroxyglutaric acid and alpha-tocopherol.

TL;DR: There was a significant negative relationship between PCB levels and two separate measures of long term memory and there was also a negative relationship with a measure of comprehension and knowledge.

TL;DR: The results confirm that developmental exposure to CPF induces long-lasting alterations in the social behavior repertoire of the mouse, and suggest that social recognition can be easily and rapidly assessed in the female mouse making it possible to evaluate, primarily by means of USV emission, even subtle alteration of social behavioral patterns dissociated from cognitive components of individual recognition.

TL;DR: Female Long-Evans rats exposed during gestation to MeHg had significantly higher response rates than controls under the large FR schedules, during the first session of DRL, and the PR 5% schedule, but neither fish oil nor coconut oil modified MeHG's effects.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that exposure to MeHg in rats before and/or during gestation resulted in a reduction of MAO activity in the developing embryo and brainstem of the female offspring with accompanying changes in auditory startle response.

TL;DR: The relative agonistic potencies of these three alkaloids on human fetal nicotinic neuromuscular receptors were of the same rank order: anabaseine>>R-anabasine>S-an abasine.

TL;DR: Early postnatal DA exposure in the rat can be lethal and sublethal exposure can cause neurobehavioral effects manifest in modest hypoactivity during the adolescent period, however, the sublethal persistent neuro behavioral toxicity appears to be less pervasive than reported effects following DA administered mid-gestation.

TL;DR: In utero exposure to VPA and 4-yn-VPA exposures elevated Hoxa1 mRNA during its normal expression period and induced expression outside of the normal period, which may explain, in part, how VPA disrupts development.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that intrauterine stress changes the morphology and numerical density of cerebellar neurons by primarily affecting the actively dividing cells during the selected stress period.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that, at low levels of postnatal exposure, lead acts indirectly on motor function via behaviour via behaviour is not supported, however, IA does act as a mediator in the relationship between postnatal blood lead concentration and transversal sway in tandem position.