Showing papers in "Physiology & Behavior in 2014"

TL;DR: Multiple connections exist between sleep patterns, eating behavior and energy balance, and sleep should not be overlooked in obesity research and should be included as part of the lifestyle package that traditionally has focused on diet and physical activity.

TL;DR: Taking into account that feeding is the source of energy for adipose tissue, the time of feeding, particularly for high-energy content meals, may be decisive, and changes in this timing could have metabolic consequences for the development of obesity and for weight loss.

TL;DR: The latest advancements in the molecular mechanisms of leptin resistance and the exact interrelations between leptin resistance, obesity, and obesity-related diseases are reviewed in order to supply new ideas for the study of obesity.

TL;DR: Results indicated that adult mice receiving BCP showed amelioration of all the parameters observed in the EPM test, and pre-administration of the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 fully abrogated the anxiolytic and the anti-depressed effects of BCP.

TL;DR: Data and hypotheses about the role of snacks in diet quality and body weight control are reviewed and interventions aimed at decreasing detrimental snacking should address both food-related aspects and behavioral components.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the evidence in support of the validity of the plus-maze, the light/dark box and the open-field as anxiety tests is poor and methodologically questionable.

TL;DR: Research indicates that the development of the serotonergic system is impacted by exposure to maternal obesity and high fat diet consumption, and this disruption may underlie many of the behavioral disturbances observed in these offspring.

TL;DR: Modifications of the apparatus and procedure had significant effects on approach-avoidance behavior in general whereas the strain rankings remained unaffected.

TL;DR: Moderate physical exercise ameliorates SPS-induced behavioral deficits in rats including anxiety and depression-like behaviors and memory impairment.

TL;DR: In general, ERP amplitudes showed adequate to excellent test-retest reliability across a 4-week interval, depending on the component studied, and averaging across multiple trials substantially improved reliability.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that meeting the VPA standards of the ACSM is associated with improved mental health and more successful coping among young people, even compared to those who are meeting or exceeding the requirements for MPA.

TL;DR: Findings on brain hedonic hotspots, especially in the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum, are described and their role in generating food pleasure and appetite is discussed.

TL;DR: Transgenic 5xFAD males develop early functional disturbances and subsequently behavioral deficits and therefore they are a good mouse model for studying Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: These findings provide novel insight into the relationship between stress, the expression of inflammatory signaling factors within key structures comprising the HPA axis, and their interaction with HPA hormones, and provide a foundation for better understanding the role of cytokines as modulators of hypothalamic, pituitary and adrenal sensitivity.

TL;DR: The influence of weight and weight change, exogenous administration of appetitive hormones, and ingestive behavior on BOLD response to food stimuli is examined.

TL;DR: It is indicated that diminished daily amplitude in MT and cortisol circadian patterns was associated with metabolic disturbances in blood pressure, glucose and plasma lipids regulation, ghrelin and adipocyte-secreted hormones such as leptin and adiponectin.

TL;DR: Progress is reported on the behavioural quantification of food hedonics in the laboratory setting through assessment of 'explicit liking' and 'implicit wanting' according to perceived fat content and/or sweet taste of common foods.

TL;DR: The mere return of the familiar person had a positive effect on oxytocin levels and induced contact-seeking behaviour, whereas physical contact was necessary in order to induce a sustained increase in oxytoc in levels and to decrease cortisol levels in the period following reunion.

TL;DR: It is concluded that part of what makes the current food environment "obesogenic" is the increased presence of food cues and the increased consumption of a diet which compromises the authors' ability to resist those cues.

TL;DR: It is shown that quercetin prevents alterations in oxidative stress parameters as well as AChE and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activities, consequently preventing memory impairment and anxiogenic-like behavior displayed by Cd exposure.

TL;DR: It was concluded that C/Cr and, particularly, VMA/ Cr and surface temperature provide robust indicators of psychological arousal in dogs, while spontaneous behaviour might be better used to facilitate interpretation of physiological and physical data on an individual level.

TL;DR: The topic of holiday weight gain has been a frequent subject of the lay media and scientific interest has only been recent, and efforts patterned to increase awareness to energy balance and body weight have been shown to be successful at reducing such gain.

TL;DR: Examination of the independent and interactive effects of baseline testosterone and cortisol on individual differences in psychopathic traits in a relatively large non-clinical sample suggested that nonclinical variability in psychopathy can be predicted by baselineosterone and cortisol.

TL;DR: Participants in the closed room responded with more pronounced cortisol reactivity to stress induction, and continued to show higher levels throughout recovery, compared to participants in the open room, and no differences were found regarding any part of the autonomic nervous system.

TL;DR: It is observed that maternal protein restriction during pregnancy and lactation delayed the physical growth and neurodevelopment of the offspring in a sex-independent manner and negatively affected offspring's juvenile social play, motivation, exploratory activity and risk assessment behaviors.

TL;DR: In obese subjects gastric emptying can be impaired with delayed interaction of nutrients with the intestine resulting in decreased GLP-1 and PYY secretion, which could imply that obese participants would require more calories before their maximal satiation is reached and they stop eating.

TL;DR: Exposure to coriander volatile oil significantly improved parameters of locomotor activity, swimming and immobility times and glutathione level in the hippocampus, suggesting anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects in Alzheimer's disease conditions.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that poor sleep is related to impulsive, aggressive behavior in forensic psychiatric patients and the protective effect of treatment of sleep difficulties on aggressive reactivity in (forensic) psychiatric populations is supported.

TL;DR: Optogenetic techniques show for the first time that elevation of orexin activity, possibly in the PVT and LC, is associated with increased anxiety, activity, and arousal in a context-specific manner.

TL;DR: It is suggested that some boys with an AD can provide valid self-assessments of their anxiety, and the presence of very high levels of chronic HPA-axis arousal and consequent chronic anxiety in these boys is pointed to.