Showing papers in "Regional Studies in 2011"
TL;DR: In this article, a regional innovation policy model based on the idea of constructing regional advantage is presented, which brings together concepts like related variety, knowledge bases and policy platforms, and the implications of this are traced for evolving platform policies that facilitate economic development within and between regions in action lines appropriate to incorporate the basic principles behind related variety and differentiated knowledge bases.
Abstract: This paper presents a regional innovation policy model based on the idea of constructing regional advantage. This policy model brings together concepts like related variety, knowledge bases and policy platforms. Related variety attaches importance to knowledge spillovers across complementary sectors. The paper categorizes knowledge into ‘analytical’ (science based), ‘synthetic’ (engineering based) and ‘symbolic’ (arts based) in nature, with different requirements of ‘virtual’ and real proximity mixes. The implications of this are traced for evolving ‘platform policies’ that facilitate economic development within and between regions in action lines appropriate to incorporate the basic principles behind related variety and differentiated knowledge bases.
833 citations
TL;DR: Asheim et al. as discussed by the authors provide an appraisal and synthesis of the regional innovation systems paradigm and aim to shed light on a number of areas where theoretical, empirical and policy-based questions remain unanswered.
Abstract: Asheim B. T., Lawton Smith H. and Oughton C. Regional innovation systems: theory, empirics and policy, Regional Studies. Interest in regional innovation systems has grown significantly over the past three decades driven partly by advances in theoretical analysis, partly by the growing interest in innovation as a source of competitive advantage, and partly by the need for new policies to address regional inequalities and divergence. This article explores the elements and characteristics that exemplify the regional innovation systems approach. It provides an appraisal and synthesis of the regional innovation systems paradigm and aims to shed light on a number of areas where theoretical, empirical and policy-based questions remain unanswered. It outlines and assesses the major strands in recent theoretical and empirical debates and discusses how they might be developed to contribute to the further advancement of the regional innovation systems literature. Three interrelated questions form the key themes arou...
539 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a theoretical framework that brings together the literature on clusters, industrial dynamics, the evolutionary theory of the firm, and network theory to describe how clusters co-evolve with the industry with to they adhere; the capabilities of the firms they contain; and the industry-wide knowledge network of which they are part.
Abstract: Ter Wal A. L. J. and Boschma R. Co-evolution of firms, industries and networks in space, Regional Studies. The cluster literature suffers from a number of shortcomings: (1) it often neglects that cluster firms are heterogeneous in terms of capabilities; (2) it tends to overemphasize the importance of geographical proximity and underestimates the role of networks; and (3) it hardly addresses the origins and evolution of clusters. The authors propose a theoretical framework that brings together the literature on clusters, industrial dynamics, the evolutionary theory of the firm, and network theory. It is described how clusters co-evolve with: (1) the industry with to they adhere; (2) the capabilities of the firms they contain; and (3) the industry-wide knowledge network of which they are part. Ter Wal A. L. J. et Boschma R. La coevolution geographique des entreprises, des industries et des reseaux, Regional Studies. La documentation sur les clusters souffre d'un nombre de points faibles: (1) elle ne tient c...
428 citations
TL;DR: Laursen et al. as mentioned in this paper explored the effect of geographical proximity and university quality on university-industry collaboration in the United Kingdom, and found that if faced with the choice, firms appear to give preference to the research quality of the university partner over geographical closeness.
Abstract: Laursen K., Reichstein T. and Salter A. Exploring the effect of geographical proximity and university quality on university–industry collaboration in the United Kingdom, Regional Studies. This paper concerns the geographical distance between a firm and the universities in its local area. It is argued that firms' decisions to collaborate with universities for innovation are influenced by both geographical proximity to universities and the quality of these universities. The findings show that being located close to a lower-tier university reduces the propensity for firms to collaborate locally, while co-location with top-tier universities promotes collaboration. However, it is also found that if faced with the choice, firms appear to give preference to the research quality of the university partner over geographical closeness. This is particularly true for high-research and development intensive firms. Laursen K., Reichstein T. et Salter A. Examiner l'impact de la proximite geographique et de la qualite des...
397 citations
TL;DR: This paper explores a different conception of cluster evolution, drawing on the ‘adaptive cycle’ model that has been developed in evolutionary ecology, and offers greater scope as a framework for shaping the research agenda into the evolution of clusters.
Abstract: Martin R. and Sunley P. Conceptualizing cluster evolution: beyond the life cycle model?, Regional Studies. Although the literature on the evolution of industrial clusters is not vast, a preferred approach has already become evident based around the idea of a cluster ‘life cycle’. This approach has several limitations. This paper explores a different conception of cluster evolution, drawing on the ‘adaptive cycle’ model that has been developed in evolutionary ecology. Using this model, cluster evolution is viewed as an adaptive process with different possible outcomes based on episodic interactions of nested systems. Though not without limitations, this approach offers greater scope as a framework for shaping the research agenda into the evolution of clusters. Martin R. and Sunley P. 对集群演进进行概念化：生命周期模型之外的新解读？区域研究。尽管目前关于产业集群演进的相关研究有限，围绕集群生命周期这一概念分析方法展开研究已成为明显的趋势。然而这一方法存在诸多制约。本文探讨了关于集群演进的不同概念，着重于演进生态学中的适应性管理模式。采用这一模式，集群演进被看作是适应性的程序，其结果基于嵌套系统之间阶段性的互动。尽管没有局限，这一方法为集群演进的研究搭建了更为广阔的分析框架及研究议程。 集群 演进 生命周期模型 复杂系统 适应性周...
330 citations
TL;DR: Krugman as discussed by the authors claimed that the New Economic Geography has now become "middle-aged" by focusing more on tangible causes of the spatial concentration of economic activities, and not so much on intangible sources, such as information spillovers.
Abstract: Krugman P. The New Economic Geography, now middle-aged, Regional Studies. This paper claims that the New Economic Geography has now become ‘middle-aged’. On the one hand, the New Economic Geography is said to be of less relevance when describing current developments in advanced economies because it focuses more on tangible causes of the spatial concentration of economic activities, and not so much on intangible sources, such as information spillovers. On the other hand, the paper states that recent developments in developing economies like China are quite in line with the core–periphery model that predicts increasing regional specialization as a result of economic integration. Although both economists and geographers study these spatial processes, no fruitful exchange between the two is expected because of the use of different methodologies. Krugman P. La nouvelle geographie economique atteint l'âge mur, Regional Studies. Cet article pretend que la nouvelle geographie economique atteint ‘l’âge mur'. D'un ...
276 citations
TL;DR: The Dragon's Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa as mentioned in this paper, by Deborah Brautigam, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2009). xiii, + + + 1.397 pp. US$29.95 (hbk).
Abstract: The Dragon's Gift. The Real Story of China in Africa, Deborah Brautigam, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2009). xiii + 397 pp. US$29.95 (hbk). ISBN 978-0-19-955022-7. Deborah Brautigam, a well-inf...
258 citations
TL;DR: Fritsch et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed differences in the efficiency of regional innovation systems based on the concept of a knowledge production function and found that regions dominated by large establishments tend to be less efficient than regions with a lower average establishment size.
Abstract: Fritsch M. and Slavtchev V. Determinants of the efficiency of regional innovation systems, Regional Studies. This paper analyses differences in the efficiency of regional innovation systems. Alternative measures for the efficiency of regional innovation systems based on the concept of a knowledge production function are discussed. The empirical findings suggest that spillovers from within the private sector as well as from universities and other public research institutions have a positive effect on the efficiency of private sector research and development. It is particularly the intensity of interactions between private and public sector research and development that increases the efficiency. It is found that regions dominated by large establishments tend to be less efficient than regions with a lower average establishment size. Fritsch M. et Slavtchev V. Les determinants de l'efficience des systemes d'innovation regionaux, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche a analyser les ecarts d'efficience des syst...
235 citations
TL;DR: Neffke et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the changing roles of agglomeration externalities along the industry life cycle and found that the effects of local diversity (Jacobs externalities) are positive for young industries, but decline and even become negative for more mature industries.
Abstract: Neffke F., Henning M., Boschma R., Lundquist K.-J. and Olander L.-O. The dynamics of agglomeration externalities along the life cycle of industries, Regional Studies. This paper investigates the changing roles of agglomeration externalities along the industry life cycle. It is argued that industries have different agglomeration needs in different stages of their life cycles because their mode of competition, innovation intensity, and learning opportunities change over time. For twelve Swedish manufacturing industries, it is determined for each year between 1974 and 2004 whether the industry is in a young, intermediate, or mature stage. Whereas Marshall–Arrow–Romer (MAR) externalities steadily increase with the maturity of industries, the effects of local diversity (Jacobs’ externalities) are positive for young industries, but decline and even become negative for more mature industries. Neffke F., Henning M., Boschma R., Lundquist K.-J. et Olander L.-O. La dynamique des effets externes d'agglomeration tout...
230 citations
TL;DR: Mason et al. as discussed by the authors found that rural areas and non-metropolitan parts of Southern England have the highest proportion of home-based businesses and urban industrial regions have the lowest proportion.
Abstract: Mason C. M., Carter S. and Tagg S. Invisible businesses: the characteristics of home-based businesses in the United Kingdom, Regional Studies. Home-based businesses comprise a significant proportion of the small business sector. But because they are invisible, their economic significance is assumed to be minor. This paper challenges this view. The majority are full-time businesses. One in ten has achieved significant scale. They create jobs for more than just the owner(s). They are concentrated in computer-related, business, and professional service sectors. They also have a distinctive geography. Rural areas and non-metropolitan parts of Southern England have the highest proportion of home-based businesses. Urban–industrial regions have the lowest proportion. This suggests a need to reconsider the role of home-based businesses in local economic development. Mason C. M., Carter S. et Tagg S. Les entreprises invisibles: les caracteristiques des entrepises a domicile au Royaume-Uni, Regional Studies. Les en...
177 citations
TL;DR: McCann et al. as discussed by the authors explored the relationship between the size of a country, its size of its cities, and the importance of economies of scale in the modern era of globalization.
Abstract: McCann P and Acs Z J Globalization: countries, cities and multinationals, Regional Studies This paper explores the relationship between the size of a country, the size of its cities, and the importance of economies of scale in the modern era of globalization In order to do this, it integrates three different literatures, namely the literature on the optimal size of a country, the literature on historical processes of urbanization and the performance of cities, and the literature on the role of multinational firms in the global economy Using an economic geography perspective, but looking at these issues through the lens of economic history, it is demonstrated that the importance of agglomeration effects, and in particular relationship between city size and the prosperity of the nation-state, has changed over the different eras of globalization In earlier eras of globalization, the importance of agglomeration was represented by a fairly simple relationship between the scale of the city and the scale
TL;DR: There is increasing recognition that the existence and structure of clusters can only be understood when studying their dynamics over time (Audretsch and Feldman, 1996; Pouder and St John, 1996, S... as mentioned in this paper ).
Abstract: There is increasing recognition that the existence and structure of clusters can only be understood when studying their dynamics over time (Audretsch and Feldman, 1996; Pouder and St. John, 1996; S...
TL;DR: The role of technological gatekeepers in the growth of industrial clusters is investigated in this article, which shows that the most advanced firms in the cluster behave as technological gate-keepers, that is, they acquire knowledge outside cluster boundaries and contribute to diffusing knowledge to other local firms.
Abstract: Giuliani E. Role of technological gatekeepers in the growth of industrial clusters: evidence from Chile, Regional Studies. Industrial clusters are often associated with innovative success. However, there is very little research on what types of organizational models apply to clusters as they grow. This paper uses longitudinal micro-level data for a wine cluster in Chile. It shows that the most advanced firms in the cluster behave as technological gatekeepers – that is, they acquire knowledge outside cluster boundaries and contribute to diffusing knowledge to other local firms – and do so persistently over time. The results are explained by combining three theoretical perspectives: evolutionary economics theory; business studies on communities of practice and knowledge workers' know-how trade; and embeddedness theory. Giuliani E. 技术守门者在产业集群增长过程中的作用：来自智利的相关证据，区域研究。产业集群常常与创新成功相联系。然而，鲜有研究着重于分析组织模型在集群增长中的应用。本文利用纵向微观数据对智利的白酒产业集群进行了分析。研究表明，产业集群中最高等级的公司扮演着技术门卫的作用，即上述公司持续地在产业领域之外对所需相关知识进行了定义，同时也为知识向地方公司进行传播做出贡献。通过...
TL;DR: In this article, Lengyel et al. used entropy statistics to measure the synergies of knowledge exploration, knowledge exploitation, and organizational control in the Hungarian innovation system, which indicated that Budapest and its agglomeration emerged as a knowledge-based innovation system on every indicator.
Abstract: Lengyel B. and Leydesdorff L. Regional innovation systems in Hungary: the failing synergy at the national level, Regional Studies. Entropy statistics are used in this paper to measure the synergies of knowledge exploration, knowledge exploitation, and organizational control in the Hungarian innovation system. The data consist of high- and medium-technology firms and knowledge-intensive services categorized by subregions (proxy for geography), industrial sectors (proxy for technology), and firm size (proxy for organization). Configurational information along these three dimensions is used as an indicator of a reduction of uncertainty or, in other words, the synergy across the knowledge functions. The results indicate that three regimes have been created during the Hungarian transition with very different dynamics: (1) Budapest and its agglomeration emerge as a knowledge-based innovation system on every indicator; (2) the north-western part of the country, where foreign-owned companies have induced a shift ...
TL;DR: Morrison et al. as mentioned in this paper found that there is a localization to the paradox of affluence mainly because raising population density in order to realize agglomeration economies can lower subjective well-being.
Abstract: Morrison P. S. Local expressions of subjective well-being: the New Zealand experience, Regional Studies. Students of regional science have been preoccupied with economic drivers while at the same time implicitly assuming that increasing urban size and density raises local well-being. However, the geography of happiness may not mirror the geography of growth. Rather, there is a localization to the paradox of affluence mainly because raising population density in order to realize agglomeration economies can lower subjective well-being. This paper offers empirical support for this proposition by estimating city fixed-effects for three separate measures of subjective well-being while controlling for the characteristics of individuals as well as their perceptions of accessibility and social capital. Morrison P. S. Des temoignages locaux du bien-etre subjectif: l'experience neo-zelandaise, Regional Studies. Les etudiants de la science regionale ont ete preoccupes par des forces motrices economiques en supposant...
TL;DR: Shearmur et al. as discussed by the authors proposed to view space as a continuous field of opportunities, with accessibility to factors of innovation playing a key role for local innovativeness, and an analysis of Quebec innovation data corroborates this approach.
Abstract: Shearmur R. Innovation, regions and proximity: from neo-regionalism to spatial analysis, Regional Studies. There have recently been questions regarding how geographic proximity should be conceptualized in the study of regional innovation. This stems partly from different meanings of the term ‘innovation’ (incremental product and process innovation in this paper) and partly from the way space is usually conceptualized: regions are conceived as bounded territories with particular attributes (neo-regionalism). Drawing upon spatial analytical concepts, it is suggested in this paper that an alternative to neo-regionalism is to view space as a continuous field of opportunities, with accessibility to factors of innovation playing a key role for local innovativeness. An analysis of Quebec innovation data corroborates this approach. Shearmur R. Innovation, regions et proximite: du neoregionalisme a l'analyse spatiale, Regional Studies. La conceptualisation de la notion de proximite geographique dans les etudes sur...
TL;DR: Scherngell et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated collaborative knowledge production in China from a regional perspective, and found that technological proximity was more important than geography, while economic effects only played a minor role.
Abstract: Scherngell T. and Hu Y. Collaborative knowledge production in China: regional evidence from a gravity model approach, Regional Studies. This study investigates collaborative knowledge production in China from a regional perspective. The objective is to illustrate spatial patterns of research collaborations between thirty-one Chinese regions, and to estimate the impact of geographical, technological, and economic factors on the variation of cross-region collaboration activities within a negative binomial gravity model framework. Data are used on Chinese scientific publications from 2007 with multiple author addresses coming from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. The results provide evidence that geographical space impedes cross-region research collaborations in China. Technological proximity matters more than geography, while economic effects only play a minor role. Scherngell T. et Hu Y. La production en collaboration de la connaissance en Chine; des preuves regionales provenant...
TL;DR: This article used a large survey sample of individuals across United States locations to examine the effects of beauty and aesthetics on community satisfaction, and found that beauty is significantly associated with community satisfaction and other significant factors include economic security, schools, and social interaction.
Abstract: Florida R., Mellander C. and Stolarick K. Beautiful places: the role of perceived aesthetic beauty in community satisfaction, Regional Studies. This research uses a large survey sample of individuals across United States locations to examine the effects of beauty and aesthetics on community satisfaction. The paper conducts these estimations by ordinary least-squares, ordered logit, and multinomial logit. The findings confirm that beauty is significantly associated with community satisfaction. Other significant factors include economic security, schools, and social interaction. Further, community-level factors are significantly more important than individual demographic characteristics in explaining community satisfaction. Florida R., Mellander C. et Stolarick K. De beaux endroits: le role de la beaute esthetique observee dans l'agrement communautaire, Regional Studies. Cette recherche emploie un grand echantillon d'individus a travers les Etats-Unis afin d'examiner les effets de la beaute et de l'esthetiq...
TL;DR: Kuethe et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the effects of macroeconomic shocks on housing prices in the Western United States using quarterly state-level data from 1988:1 to 2007:4.
Abstract: Kuethe T. H. and Pede V. O. Regional housing price cycles: a spatio-temporal analysis using US state-level data, Regional Studies. A study is presented of the effects of macroeconomic shocks on housing prices in the Western United States using quarterly state-level data from 1988:1 to 2007:4. The study contributes to the existing literature by explicitly incorporating locational spillovers through a spatial econometric adaptation of vector autoregression (SpVAR). The results suggest these spillovers may Granger cause housing price movements in a large number of cases. SpVAR provides additional insights through impulse response functions that demonstrate the effects of macroeconomic events in different neighbouring locations. In addition, it is demonstrated that including spatial information leads to significantly lower mean-square forecast errors. Kuethe T. H. et Pede V. O. La variation cyclique regionale du prix du logement: une analyse geographico-temporelle des donnees sur les etats aux E-U, Regional S...
TL;DR: Niedomysl et al. as discussed by the authors used a large-scale survey on migration motives to explore how migration motives change over migration distance, and paid particular attention to variations across socio-economic and demographic groups.
Abstract: Niedomysl T. How migration motives change over migration distance: evidence on variation across socio-economic and demographic groups, Regional Studies. Migration researchers have long known that the motives for changing place of residence vary over migration distance. Typically, short-distance moves are regarded as motivated by housing considerations and longer-distance moves primarily by employment considerations. Using a large-scale survey on migration motives, this paper explores how migration motives change over migration distance. Particular attention is paid to variations across socio-economic and demographic groups. The results show that the housing- versus employment-driven migration dichotomy, over short and long distances, respectively, is still somewhat valid, though the present findings give a much more nuanced interpretation. The paper reveals considerable variation in migration motives, not only over migration distance, but also particularly in relation to migrant socio-economic and demogra...
TL;DR: Miguelez et al. as discussed by the authors showed that trust and cooperation between individuals, and between them and public institutions, can encourage technological innovation and the adoption of knowledge and tested the extent to which the interaction of social capital with human capital and research and development expenditures improve their effect on a region's ability to innovate.
Abstract: Miguelez E., Moreno R. and Artis M. Does social capital reinforce technological inputs in the creation of knowledge? Evidence from the Spanish regions, Regional Studies. This paper seeks to verify the hypothesis that trust and cooperation between individuals, and between them and public institutions, can encourage technological innovation and the adoption of knowledge. Additionally, the paper tests the extent to which the interaction of social capital with human capital and research and development expenditures improve their effect on a region's ability to innovate. The empirical evidence is taken from the Spanish regions and employs a knowledge production function and longitudinal count data models. The results suggest that social capital correlates positively with innovation. Further, the analysis reveals a powerful interaction between human and social capital in the production of knowledge, whilst the complementarity with research and development efforts would seem less clear. Miguelez E., Moreno R. et...
TL;DR: In this paper, Brenner et al. analyzed whether different types of policy measures should be applied in different stages of the cluster life cycle and found that the adequate kind of policy measure depends on the cluster's current stage in its life cycle.
Abstract: Brenner T. and Schlump C. Policy measures and their effects in the different phases of the cluster life cycle, Regional Studies. In recent years, policy measures have frequently been applied to clusters. This paper analyses whether different types of policy measures should be applied in different stages of the cluster life cycle. Two approaches are used to obtain answers to this question. First, insights are gathered from the existing literature on policy measures and evaluated. Second, a mathematical model is set up in order to examine the effects of various policy measures in the different life cycle phases. It is found that the adequate kind of policy measures depends on the cluster's current stage in its life cycle. Brenner T. et Schlump C. Les decisions politiques et leurs effets a diverses phases du cycle de vie du cluster, Regional Studies. Dans les dernieres annees, on a souvent applique les decisions politiques aux clusters. Cet article cherche a analyser si, oui ou non, diverses decisions polit...
TL;DR: Usai et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the geographic distribution of inventive activity across regions in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) economies with a set of homogenous measures to measure the process of knowledge production and dissemination.
Abstract: Usai S. The geography of inventive activity in OECD regions, Regional Studies. This work is among the first systematic attempts to analyse comparatively the distribution of inventive activity across regions in OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) economies with a set of homogenous measures to measure the process of knowledge production and dissemination. The descriptive analysis shows that inventive performance is concentrated in some regions in Continental Europe, North America and Japan. Highly inventive regions tend to cluster together. This spatial dependence is found to have increased over time. The inventive performance of regions is directly influenced by the availability of human capital and research and development expenditure. Local agglomeration factors are also found to have a significant impact, while some negative effects appear when regions are mainly rural or when they are mainly service-oriented. Usai S. La geographie de l'activite innovatrice dans les regions de ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined processes of delocalization and the phenomenon of the "spectre of China" in the European clothing industry following the removal of quota-constrained trade in 2005.
Abstract: Pickles J and Smith A Delocalization and persistence in the European clothing industry: the reconfiguration of trade and production networks, Regional Studies This paper examines processes of delocalization and the phenomenon of the ‘spectre of China’ in the European clothing industry following the removal of quota-constrained trade in 2005 It examines the changing geographies of trade and production in the European clothing industry, with a specific focus on the patterns of delocalization and production resilience in East–Central Europe Through an analysis of trade flows to core European Union markets, it is shown how the articulation of sourcing strategies, trade policies, and locational decisions are producing distinctions in a more liberalized global trading environment between shifts towards the globalization of production networks alongside an intensification of the regionalization of clothing production in lower-cost-producing regions of East–Central Europe (and North Africa) that are proximat
TL;DR: An empirical analysis of the Midi-Pyrenean global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) cluster is proposed based on a relational database constructed from collaborative research and development projects funded at the European, national and regional levels.
Abstract: Vicente J., Balland P. A. and Brossard O. Getting into networks and clusters: evidence from the Midi-Pyrenean global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) collaboration network, Regional Studies. This paper analyses clusters from collaborative knowledge relations embedded in wider networks in a particular technological field. Focusing on the interface of clusters and networks contributes to a better understanding of collaboration, within and across places and cognitive domains. An empirical analysis of the Midi-Pyrenean global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) cluster is proposed based on a relational database constructed from collaborative research and development projects funded at the European, national, and regional levels. Using Social Network Analysis tools, the results are discussed according to (1) the structural, technological, and geographical dimensions of knowledge flows; (2) the influence of particular organizations in the structure; and (3) the heterogeneity and complementarities of their po...
TL;DR: The relationship between human capital and economic activity in US metropolitan areas is examined in this paper, extending the literature in two ways: first, new data on metropolitan area gross domestic product are utilized to measure economic activity.
Abstract: Abel J. R. and Gabe T. M. Human capital and economic activity in urban America, Regional Studies. The relationship between human capital and economic activity in US metropolitan areas is examined, extending the literature in two ways. First, new data on metropolitan area gross domestic product are utilized to measure economic activity. Results show that a 1 percentage point increase in the proportion of residents with a college degree is associated with about a 2% increase in metropolitan area gross domestic product per capita. Second, measures of human capital are developed that reflect the types of knowledge within US metropolitan areas. Regional knowledge stocks related to the provision of producer services and information technology are important determinants of economic vitality. Abel J. R. et Gabe T. M. Le capital humain et l'activite economique dans l'Amerique urbaine, Regional Studies. On examine le rapport entre le capital humain et l'activite economique dans les zones metropolitaines aux Etats-U...
TL;DR: The importance of revenue sharing for the local economic impacts of a renewable energy project was discussed in this paper, where a social accounting matrix for the Shetland Islands, off the north coast of mainland Scotland, was used to evaluate the potential local economic and employment impacts of the large proposed onshore wind energy project.
Abstract: Allan G., McGregor P. and Swales K. The importance of revenue sharing for the local economic impacts of a renewable energy project: a social accounting matrix approach, Regional Studies. Ambitious renewable energy targets are requiring investments in new renewable capacity in areas where acceptance could be affected by the potential economic benefits to the locality. At the same time, new renewable energy projects, primarily for onshore wind capacity, might offer a route by which peripheral economic development policies can be supported. The economic impacts of these projects are difficult to quantify using input–output techniques, but can be more appropriately handled within a social accounting matrix (SAM) framework. A social accounting matrix for the Shetland Islands, off the north coast of mainland Scotland, is used to evaluate the potential local economic and employment impacts of a large proposed onshore wind energy project. Sensitivity analysis reveals the relative importance of the level of ‘commu...
TL;DR: Titze et al. as discussed by the authors identified interrelated sectors via national input-output tables with the help of minimal flow analysis (MFA), and the regionalization of these national industry templates is carried out with the allocation of branch-specific production values on regional employment.
Abstract: Titze M., Brachert M. and Kubis A. The identification of regional industrial clusters using qualitative input–output analysis (QIOA), Regional Studies. The ‘cluster theory’ has become one of the main concepts promoting regional competitiveness, innovation, and growth. As most empirical applications focus on measures of concentration of one industrial branch in order to identify regional clusters, the appropriate analysis of specific vertical relations is developing in this discussion. This paper tries to identify interrelated sectors via national input–output tables with the help of minimal flow analysis (MFA). The regionalization of these national industry templates is carried out with the allocation of branch-specific production values on regional employment. As a result, the paper shows concentrations of vertical clusters in only 27 of 439 German Nomenclature des Unites Territoriales Statistiques (NUTS)-3 regions. Titze M., Brachert M. et Kubis A. L'identification des grappes industrielles a partir des...
TL;DR: Munda et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed the use of a non-compensatory multicriteria approach combined with sensitivity analysis for constructing composite indicators of sustainability in Spanish and selected Mediterranean regions.
Abstract: Munda G. and Saisana M. Methodological considerations on regional sustainability assessment based on multicriteria and sensitivity analysis, Regional Studies. This paper proposes the use of a non-compensatory multicriteria approach combined with sensitivity analysis for constructing composite indicators of sustainability. An illustrative example on Spanish and selected Mediterranean regions is used. The sensitivity analysis shows that excluding an indicator from a twenty-nine-indicator data set (which represents, in principle, a small structural change) has a much lower impact on the regional ranking if that is based on a non-compensatory multicriteria approach than on the classical linear aggregation, for example the weighted arithmetic average. An alternative approach that employs endogenous weighting (region-specific weights) and is based on data envelopment analysis is discussed. Munda G. et Saisana M. Des considerations methodologiques basees sur une analyse a criteres multiples et de sensibilite qua...
TL;DR: Akgun et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the role of local and newcomer entrepreneurs in rural development by means of a meta-analysis of twenty-two applied studies and found that newcomer entrepreneurs are relatively older, better educated, and develop more non-agricultural business.
Abstract: Akgun A. A., Baycan-Levent T., Nijkamp P. and Poot J. Roles of local and newcomer entrepreneurs in rural development: a comparative meta-analytic study, Regional Studies. Early studies of rural development suggested that newcomer rural entrepreneurs are important agents of change and responsible for new spatial development, but more recent research has concluded that there is no difference between newcomer and local rural entrepreneurs in this respect. Much of this literature is based on qualitative ethnographic case studies. Systematic pooling and scrutinizing of the main attributes and findings of such studies enhances their comparability and permits some generalization. Newcomer and local rural entrepreneurship is therefore investigated by means of a meta-analysis of twenty-two applied studies. The statistical results show that newcomer entrepreneurs are relatively older, better educated, and develop more non-agricultural business. They appear to be predominantly attracted by a rural lifestyle. In many...