Showing papers in "The Lancet Global Health in 2015"

TL;DR: This study substantially expands the empirical basis for assessment of non-fatal outcomes in the GBD study and substantiates the notion that disability weights are sensitive to particular details in descriptions of health states, but robust to duration of outcomes.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that although single-pathogen strategies have an important role in the reduction of the burden of severe diarrhoea disease, the effect of such interventions on total diarrhoeal incidence at the community level might be limited.

TL;DR: These global data provide the best estimates to date of nutrition transitions across the world and inform policies and priorities for reducing the health and economic burdens of poor diet quality.

TL;DR: Breastfeeding is associated with improved performance in intelligence tests 30 years later, and might have an important effect in real life, by increasing educational attainment and income in adulthood.

TL;DR: The contribution of specific obstetric populations to changes in caesarean section rates, by using the Robson classification in two WHO multicountry surveys of deliveries in health-care facilities, is analyzed.

TL;DR: The number of individuals worldwide without access to surgical services as defined by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery is estimated, with findings that the near absence of access in many low-income and middle-income countries represents a crisis.

TL;DR: This article discusses how the 19th WHO global tuberculosis report 2014 provides an opportunity to think about the global tuberculosis strategy, and to assess just how much further effort is needed before global tuberculosis control can be achieved.

TL;DR: New evidence for both prevalence and absolute burden of vitamin A deficiency should be used to reconsider, and possibly revise, the list of priority countries for high-dose vitamin A supplementation such that a country's priority status takes into account both the prevalence of deficiency and the expected mortality benefits of supplementation.

TL;DR: Gender-related factors at the national and subnational level help to predict the population prevalence of physical and sexual partner violence within the past 12 months, and several cross-level effects are documented, including that a girl's education is more strongly associated with reduced risk of partner violence in countries where wife abuse is normative than where it is not.

TL;DR: Children of young mothers in LMICs are disadvantaged at birth and in childhood nutrition and schooling, and efforts to prevent early childbearing should be strengthened.

TL;DR: Surgical need varies between regions of the world according to disease prevalence and many countries do not meet the basic needs of their populations, so minimum global need for surgery based on the prevalence of each condition in each region is calculated.

TL;DR: The first randomised trial of community-led total sanitation (CLTS) to assess its effect on child health in Koulikoro, Mali was conducted in 2011 as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: SHARE could reduce some forms of IPV towards women and overall HIV incidence, possibly through a reduction in forced sex and increased disclosure of HIV results, and SHARE's ecological approach could be adopted, at least partly, as a standard of care for other HIV programmes in sub-Saharan Africa.

TL;DR: The authors' data have yielded standards for postnatal growth in preterm infants, which should be used for the assessment of pre term infants until 64 weeks' postmenstrual age, after which the WHO Child Growth Standards are appropriate.

TL;DR: The 12 session integrated parenting intervention delivered by non-professional community members improved child development and maternal wellbeing in rural Uganda and has the potential to be replicated and scaled up in other low-resource, village-based settings.

TL;DR: Half the global population is at risk of financial catastrophe from surgery, with the burden of catastrophic expenditure highest in countries of low and middle income; within any country, it falls on the poor.

TL;DR: Mixed progress in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health in Tanzania indicates a complex interplay of political prioritisation, health financing, and consistent implementation.

TL;DR: Xpert did not reduce mortality at 6 months compared with sputum microscopy, and improving outcomes in drug-sensitive tuberculosis programmes might require not only better diagnostic tests but also better linkage to care.

TL;DR: Offering self-collection of samples for HPV testing by community health workers during home visits resulted in a four-fold increase in screening uptake, showing that this strategy is effective to improve cervical screening coverage.

TL;DR: An interdisciplinary analytical review of the SDG process is reported on, in which experts in different SDG areas identified potential interactions through a series of interdisciplinary workshops, which generated a framework that reveals potential conflicts and synergies between goals, and how their interactions might be governed.

TL;DR: Estimates suggest that substantial investment in health systems is urgently required not only to improve future epidemic preparedness and meet basic needs, but also to limit the secondary health effects of the current epidemic owing to the depletion of the health workforce.

TL;DR: This is the first health study of a large and diverse sample of men, women, and child survivors of trafficking for various forms of exploitation to estimate the effect of trafficking on mental health outcomes, controlling for age, sector of exploitation, and time in trafficking.

TL;DR: Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and related risk factors in a rural region of Uganda and major risk factors were biomass smoke for both sexes and tobacco Smoke for men and tobacco smoke for men.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that male controlling behaviour in its own right, or as an indicator of ongoing or severe violence, puts women at risk of HIV infection.

TL;DR: Whether community health workers could do community-based screenings to predict cardiovascular disease risk as effectively as could physicians or nurses, with a simple, non-invasive risk prediction indicator in low-income and middle-income countries is investigated.

TL;DR: The Good School Toolkit is an effective intervention to reduce violence against children from school staff in Ugandan primary schools and is referred to child protective services because of what they disclosed in the follow-up survey.

TL;DR: The macroeconomic impact of surgical disease is substantial and inequitably distributed, and the growing number of favourable cost-effectiveness analyses of surgical interventions in low-income and middle-income countries, suggest that building surgical capacity should be a global health priority.

TL;DR: The results indicate that one heretofore unquantified human health effect associated with anthropogenic CO2 emissions will be a significant increase in the human population at risk of zinc deficiency.