Showing papers in "Trends in Biochemical Sciences in 1999"

TL;DR: This paper is a contribution from the Oxford Centre for Molecular Sciences, which is funded by the BBSRC, EPSRC and MRC.

TL;DR: In a rapidly growing yeast cell, 60% of total transcription is devoted to ribosomal RNA, and 50% of RNA polymerase II transcription and 90% of mRNA splicing are devoted to Ribosomal proteins (RPs).

TL;DR: The solution of the three-dimensional structure of one WD- repeat protein and the assumption that the structure will be common to all members of this family has allowed subfamilies of WD-repeat proteins to be defined on the basis of probable surface similarity.

TL;DR: Over seven decades of classical biochemical studies showed that tumors have altered metabolic profiles and display high rates of glucose uptake and glycolysis, which might confer a common advantage on many different types of cancers, which allows the cells to survive and invade.

TL;DR: There is increasing evidence that PP2A activity is regulated by extracellular signals and during the cell cycle, and it is likely to play an important role in determining the activation kinetics of protein kinase cascades.

TL;DR: The ankyrin repeat is one of the most common protein sequence motifs and how a large family of structurally related proteins can interact specifically with such a diverse array of macromolecular targets is revealed.

TL;DR: Evidence indicates that the loss of E-cadherin function, besides causing loss of cell-cell adhesion, might also convey signals that actively induce tumour-cell invasion and metastasis.

TL;DR: In vitro experiments suggest that Hsp90 contains two different binding sites for non-native proteins, which allow it to combine the properties of a promiscuous chaperone with those of a dedicated folding-helper protein.

TL;DR: The mechanisms by which lipid bodies are generated in plants, animals and microorganisms appear to share many common features: lipid bodies probably arise from microdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum that contain lipid-biosynthesis enzymes, and their synthesis and size appear to be controlled by specific protein components.

TL;DR: The AMP-activated protein kinase yeast homolog, Snf1p, plays a major role in adaption to glucose deprivation, and has diverse roles that extend from energy metabolism through to transcriptional control in mammals.

TL;DR: Members of this cascade respond to elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels and are particularly abundant in brain and in T cells, and activation of PKB by CaMKK appears to be important in protection of neurons from programmed cell death during development.

TL;DR: Members of the RNA-helicase family are defined by several evolutionary conserved motifs and new insights are given into, and the significance of these proteins for, most cellular RNA metabolic processes is confirmed.

TL;DR: It is argued that both classes fold hierarchically and that folding begins locally, and if this is the case, then the secondary structure of a protein is determined largely by local sequence information.

TL;DR: This research presents a parallel version of the 3DCrunch programming language that automates the very labor-intensive and therefore time-heavy and therefore expensive and expensive process of manually programming the character of a distributed system.

TL;DR: This work has shown that gene conversion and break-induced replication are related processes that both begin with the establishment of a replication fork in which both leading- and lagging-strand synthesis occur.

TL;DR: Eight severe inherited neurodegenerative diseases are caused by expansion of glutamine repeats in the affected proteins, whereas proteins with repeats of more than 40 glutamine residues precipitate as insoluble fibres, apparently because of a structural transition associated with the increased length.

TL;DR: Cell-death systems in animals and plants share several conserved domains, in particular the family of apoptotic ATPases; this allows us to suggest a plausible, even if still incomplete, scenario for the evolution of apoptosis.

TL;DR: Bacteria use siderophores to chelate Fe3+ and iron in heme, hemoglobin, transferrin and lactoferrin, and employ novel mechanisms for receptor-dependent iron transport and iron-regulated gene expression.

TL;DR: The folding reactions of some small proteins show clear evidence of a hierarchic process, whereas others, lacking detectable intermediates, do not, and evidence from folding intermediates and transition states suggests that folding begins locally, and that the formation of native secondary structure precedes theformation of tertiary interactions.

TL;DR: This proteolytic pathway prevents a potentially lethal aggregation of secretory proteins; however, several viruses misuse it to escape detection, and bacterial and plant toxins might also exploit it.

TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of activation of Ras-like GTP-binding proteins is suggested and how they might represent targets for therapeutic intervention is suggested.

TL;DR: The AFM in combination with protein engineering has enabled the kinetic analysis of the force-induced unfolding and refolding of individual domains as well as the study of the determinants of mechanical stability.

TL;DR: The transcription factor SP1 contains three Krüppel-like zinc fingers, which form a sizeable family of transcription factors that share homology in their zinc-finger domains but differ elsewhere.

TL;DR: CREB can bypass the classical requirement for phosphorylation and association with CBP, and in male germ cells CREM is not phosphorylated but associates with ACT, a member of the LIM-only class of proteins that has intrinsic transcriptional activity.

TL;DR: In this paper, hybridization of RNA or DNA-derived samples to DNA chips allows us to monitor expression of mRNAs or the occurrence of polymorphisms in genomic DNA, which holds great promise for identifying gene polymorphisms that predispose man to disease, gene regulation events involved in disease progression, and more effective disease treatments.

TL;DR: Current evidence that the p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are involved in regulating some of the diverse cytoskeletal changes induced by Rac and Cdc42 is focused on.

TL;DR: It is shown that multistability might account for maintenance of phenotypic differences in the absence of genetic or environmental differences, as has been demonstrated experimentally for the regulation of the lactose operon in Escherichia coli.