Showing papers in "Trends in Microbiology in 2008"

TL;DR: The different structural traits and physico-chemical properties of these effective surface- and membrane-active amphiphilic biomolecules explain their involvement in most of the mechanisms developed by bacteria for the biocontrol of different plant pathogens.

TL;DR: The modulation of ethylene levels in plants by bacterially produced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase is a key trait that enables interference with the physiology of the host plant, and this mechanism leads to the concept of 'competent' endophytes, defined asendophytes that are equipped with genes important for maintenance of plant-endophyte associations.

TL;DR: This work has shown that gut inflammation changes microbiota composition, disrupts colonization resistance and enhances pathogen growth, and this new paradigm will enable the study of host factors enhancing or inhibiting bacterial growth in health and disease.

TL;DR: A review of recent advances in the study of the regulatory pathways that lead to swarming behavior of different model bacteria and the understanding of the transition between motile and sessile lifestyles of bacteria is provided.

TL;DR: The goal of identifying ecologically adaptive genes could soon be realized with the imminent release of several new B. subtilis genome sequences, and this work reviews what is currently known about the ecology and evolution of this species.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of this mechanism and the roles of Gram-positive pili in the colonization of specific host tissues, modulation of host immune responses and the development of bacterial biofilms are reviewed.

TL;DR: The roles of PVL, the arginine catabolic mobile element and phenol-soluble modulins in the pathogenesis of prevalent CA-MRSA strains are discussed.

TL;DR: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae PacC orthologue, Rim101p, differs in that it does not undergo the second round of proteolysis and it functions directly as a repressor only, so PacC/Rim101-mediated pH regulation is crucial to fungal pathogenicity.

TL;DR: This review focuses on a key mechanism of pathogenesis that involves the PmrA-PmrB two-component system, which is activated in vivo by direct or indirect means and regulates genes that modify lipopolysaccharide, aiding survival in host (and non-host) environments.

TL;DR: Toxins A and B, which are the major virulence factors of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis caused by Clostridium difficile, are the prototypes of the family of clostridial glucosylating toxins.

TL;DR: Members of the C-type lectin-receptor family, including the mannose receptor, dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3)-grabbing non-integrin, DECTin-1, Dectin-2 and the collectins are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is revealed that responsiveness to human stress hormones is widespread in the microbial world and recent advances in microbial endocrinology are documents.

TL;DR: Recent advances in molecular approaches have shed new light on species-specific spatial distributions, particularly the cellular associations of flagellated protists and prokaryotes, their functional interactions and coevolutionary relationships.

TL;DR: The entry, morphogenesis and dissemination of vaccinia virus are considered, which are complicated by the existence of two infectiousvaccinia virus particles, called intracellular mature virus (IMV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV).

TL;DR: It is suggested that the distribution and detection of these terminal Siaalpha2-3- and Sia alpha2-6-linked receptors within the respiratory tract might not be as clear cut as has been reported.

TL;DR: It is suggested that both enhanced immune responses and lower viral replication could play a role in why HIV-2 causes asymptomatic infection in most patients.

TL;DR: The latest developments in the biology, host-pathogen interactions and environmental and economical impact of the animal pathogenic oomycetes are discussed and the recent advances in this emerging field are reviewed.

TL;DR: Recent progress in the elucidation of novel P(II) functions and in gaining novel structural insights into how the signals convert the P(ii) states are presented and how the activity of targets is affected by P( II) interaction are presented.

TL;DR: Differential associations between various alternative sigma factors and a core RNA polymerase provide a transcriptional mechanism for regulating bacterial gene expression that is crucial for survival in rapidly changing conditions.

TL;DR: Current applications of macroporous cryogels in microbiology are described with a brief discussion of future perspectives.

TL;DR: This work has shown thatPurification from the culture medium rather than from the cytoplasm considerably reduces downstream processing costs and the folded state of the target protein at various stages of the secretion pathway has proved to be important.

TL;DR: Current information on CHIKV genetics, ecology and human infection is discussed, including a re-emergence pattern that closely depends on long-distance migrations including recent re-immigrations from African (putatively zoonotic) sources.

TL;DR: The interaction between the HLA-B and KIR3DL1/KIR3DS1 genes is described, the effects of these loci on HIV disease are described, and questions that remain unresolved are discussed.

TL;DR: Recent findings concerning the physiological functions of the DD-CPases in vivo are focused on, gaps in the current knowledge of these proteins are identified and some possible courses for future study are suggested that might help reconcile current models of bacterial cell morphology.

TL;DR: This work highlights recent advances in understanding RNAP function and regulation and reveals intriguing similarities to man-made engineered devices.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the iron-uptake systems in eukaryotic unicellular organisms with particular focus on the pathogenic species: Candida albicans, Tritrichomonas foetus, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania spp.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the most recent work on bacterial anti-apoptotic strategies and suggests new research that is necessary to advance the field.

TL;DR: The amazing repertoire of glycoconjugates that are found in Campylobacter jejuni includes lipooligosaccharides mimicking human glycolipids, capsular polysaccharides with complex and unusual sugars, and proteins that are post-translationally modified with either O- or N-linked glycans.

TL;DR: Evidence for a role of apoptotic processes in fungal pathogenicity, competitiveness, propagation, ageing and lifespan control is reviewed.

TL;DR: The importance of the Tat system for virulence in several human and plant pathogens is highlighted and it is suggested that it could be a target for novel antimicrobial compounds.