Showing papers in "Trends in Parasitology in 2004"

TL;DR: There is an urgent need to develop both novel non-chemical approaches for parasite control and molecular assays capable of detecting resistant worms.

TL;DR: Some of the recent findings on resistance mechanisms are summarized, some recommendations for limiting its impact are put forward and some priorities for research in this area are suggested.

TL;DR: Novel tools have facilitated the investigation of the ecology of urban foxes and have demonstrated the urban wildlife cycle of E. multilocularis, the aetiological agent of human alveolar echinococcosis.

TL;DR: Although the authors are just at the very beginning of an extremely important field of interdisciplinary research, the fast-growing number of papers obliges this state-of-the-art summary.

TL;DR: A major change in recent years has been the recognition that severe malaria is a complex multi-system disorder presenting with a range of clinical features, creating challenges both for elucidating key mechanisms of disease and for identifying suitable targets for adjunctive therapy.

TL;DR: This review addresses the extent of contamination and the animals affected by three genera of important zoonotic protozoa: Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma.

TL;DR: Evidence for the presence of alternatively activated macrophages and their possible influence in the outcome of several parasite diseases are discussed here.

TL;DR: An arsenal of different secreted parasitism proteins from the nematode might have direct effects on recipient host cells that might influence cellular metabolism, the cell cycle, selective protein degradation, a localized defense response and regulatory activity within the host cell nucleus.

TL;DR: Molecular epidemiology has suggested that cattle are not as significant a reservoir for human infections as was once believed, and molecular tools have shown that humans can be infected with zoonotic C. parvum, as well as anthroponotic Cryptosporidium hominis.

TL;DR: In epidemiological studies, a high prevalence of cryptic mixed-malaria species infection has been detected by sensitive PCR techniques and these interactions have important clinical and public health implications.

TL;DR: A simple, cheap, sensitive and specific assay for routine diagnosis of schistosome infection is not yet available and the advantages and disadvantages of parasitological microscopy, circulating-antigen detection and antibody-detection methods are considered.

TL;DR: The present mini-review focuses on major chemical discoveries, formulation developments, administration strategies and new products in anthelmintic development for animals between 1960 and 1980.

TL;DR: A brief overview of the non-chemotherapeutic options for parasite control and how they might play a role either in organic farming or in other low-input farming systems is provided.

TL;DR: This paper attempts to improve understanding of the disease and its mechanisms from observed differences and similarities between contrasting areas of transmission, and to identify priorities for future research.

TL;DR: Recent studies on the determinants and consequences of persistent parasite infection in the spleen are reviewed and it is suggested that some of the messages to emerge could have important implications for the study of a broad range of infectious diseases.

TL;DR: This pattern of extremely rare mutations and subsequent spread should be regarded as the most likely pattern of resistance to future antimalarials and strategies to slow the spread of resistance need to be designed on regional, rather than national, considerations.

TL;DR: The crucial issues of functional redundancy and suitability as drug targets are discussed with respect to recent advances in genetic and chemical technologies.

TL;DR: The unique biology related to P. vivax transmission is reviewed and potential problems associated with the control of this parasite are addressed, which depends on an in-depth knowledge of malaria transmission.

TL;DR: Plant cysteine proteinases, from the fruits or latex of plants such as papaya, pineapple and fig, have high proteolytic activities that are known to digest nematode cuticles, have low toxicity and have been used in traditional medicines against gastrointestinal nematodes for decades.

TL;DR: It is now possible to compare and contrast the strategies and molecular machines that have been selectively designed by distinct life stages within a species, or by different apicomplexan species, to optimize infection.

TL;DR: A revised model of some of the recent advances in understanding of the components and the overall molecular architecture of the actomyosin motor complex of apicomplexan invasive stages is integrated.

TL;DR: It is suggested that an ‘entente cordiale' between these two species might be beneficial both to parasites and humans, if this were the case, the influence of changes in the parasite formula in endemic areas on the burden of malaria would become an important element of study.

TL;DR: Experimental observations show that sporozoite entry into the liver parenchyma involves a complex cascade of events, from binding to extracellular matrix proteoglycans via passage through Kupffer cells and transmigration through several hepatocytes, until the final host cell is found.

TL;DR: Recent developments in understanding of the pathways and components involved in the delivery of important parasite-encoded proteins to their final destination in the host red blood cell are examined.

TL;DR: The manipulation of apoptotic pathways by parasites, as these relate to the interaction between parasite and host, forms the core of this review and is suggested that irradiated vaccines succeed in part as a result of apoptosis mechanisms.

TL;DR: An international consortium is the driving force behind several new genome-related projects, mainly focused on Eimeria tenella, the cause of avian, caecal coccidiosis, and a whole genome shotgun project, which is at 8.3-fold coverage.

TL;DR: After phagocytosis, the microsporidian polar tube is used to escape from the maturing phagosomes and to infect the cytoplasm of host cells.

TL;DR: A comparative approach exploiting recent molecular and ethological advances promises to shed light on the genetics of anthropophily, thereby presenting novel targets for vector control.

TL;DR: There is a need for monitoring the spectrum of praziquantel sensitivity of schistosome populations and for an improved knowledge of the precise targets for the action of the drug.

TL;DR: Here, advances in the study of the molecular cell biology of trypanosome life cycle progression are placed in the context of the biology of the parasite, to provide an integrated overview of developmental events in Trypanosoma brucei.