Showing papers in "World Psychiatry in 2013"

TL;DR: Proposals include a narrower concept for PTSD that does not allow the diagnosis to be made based entirely on non‐specific symptoms, a new complex PTSD category that comprises three clusters of intra‐ and interpersonal symptoms in addition to core PTSD symptoms, and a new diagnosis of prolonged grief disorder.

TL;DR: This paper describes select revisions in the DSM‐5, with an emphasis on changes projected to have the greatest clinical impact and those that demonstrate efforts to enhance international compatibility, including integration of cultural context with diagnostic criteria and changes that facilitate DSM‐ICD harmonization.

TL;DR: A meta‐analysis of studies in which psychotherapy and antidepressant medication were directly compared in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders found that pharmacotherapy was significantly more efficacious than psychotherapy in dysthymia, and psychotherapy wasificantly more efficacity than pharmacotherapy in obsessive‐compulsive disorder.

TL;DR: Increasing knowledge about factors affecting adherence and leveraging novel technologies can enhance its early assessment and adequate management, particularly in patients with psychotic disorders.

TL;DR: While socio‐demographic variables were only marginally associated with stigma, psychosocial variables, especially lower quality of life, showed overall significant correlations, and illness‐related factors showed heterogeneous associations, except for social anxiety that was unequivocally associated with personal stigma.

TL;DR: The data provide further evidence supporting WPA recommendations on screening, follow‐up, health education and lifestyle changes in people with schizophrenia, with the exception of hypertension and diabetes.

TL;DR: It is unlikely that social drift alone can fully account for geographical variation in incidence of schizophrenia, and evidence suggests the impact of adverse social contexts – indexed by area‐level exposures such as population density, social fragmentation and deprivation – on risk of psychosis is explained.

TL;DR: People suffering from depression, men, married individuals, people experiencing financial strain, people with low interpersonal trust, and individuals with a history of suicide attempts were particularly vulnerable to suicidal ideation and reported suicide attempts between 2009 and 2011.

TL;DR: This article reviews recent advances in the domain of psychiatry and religion that highlight the double‐edged capacity of religion to enhance or damage health and well‐being, particularly among psychiatric patients and concludes with a set of recommendations to advance future research and practice.

TL;DR: Variations in what is normative in different cultures challenge assumptions about what is universal and inform the understanding of how parent‐child relationships unfold in ways both culturally universal and specific.

TL;DR: This paper reviews the historic evolution of the concept of secondary versus primary psychosis and how this distinction supplanted the earlier misleading classification of psychoses into organic and functional, and outlines the clinical features and approach to the diagnosis of secondary psychotic disorders.

TL;DR: Uncomplicated MDD's general‐distress symptoms, transient duration, and lack of elevated recurrence suggest it may generally represent nonpathologic intense sadness that should be addressed in treatment guidelines and considered for exclusion from MDD diagnosis to increase the validity of the MDD/normal sadness boundary.

TL;DR: The proposed diagnostic system is based on novel digital momentary assessment technology, which allows the patient to collect data on symptoms and contexts in the flow of daily life, from which detailed contextual symptom circuits can be constructed, that serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool, as an instrument to assess change.

TL;DR: The number of medical conditions increased with the number of psychotic symptoms, and this trend seems to be independent from the socio‐economic development of the country or the specific health care system.

TL;DR: Compared to standard vocational rehabilitation services, IPS is, therefore, probably cost‐saving and almost certainly more cost‐effective as a way to help people with severe mental health problems into competitive employment.

TL;DR: Modern descriptive psychiatry was born two centuries ago in the classification of Pinel, was later systematized in the textbook of Kraepelin, and was then expanded by Freud to include outpatient presentations previously seen by neurologists, and is facing another serious crisis of confidence, this time caused by diagnostic inflation.

TL;DR: The characteristics of childhood sexual abuse, especially age of onset, should be considered when studying the risk for suicidal behavior in abused populations, even after controlling for age, sex and personality disorders.

TL;DR: The author describes Breivik's background and his crimes, and discusses the two forensic evaluations, their methods, contents and disagreements, and how these issues were handled by the court in the verdict.

TL;DR: The results seem to support the recent argument that some rebalancing in favor of psychosocial and health service studies may be needed in psychiatric research.

TL;DR: It is tentatively suggest that long‐term mental health following disaster may, in the first instance, be promoted by supporting the re‐establishment of those naturally occurring resources through which communities traditionally respond to suffering.

TL;DR: The publication of DSM-III in 1980 certainly represented a watershed in its appropriate bid to enhance reliability, but it is apparent that, despite the huge effort and expense devoted to its successors, it has hit a wall in terms of validity and utility.

TL;DR: The proposals had the potential to transform psychiatry's conceptualization of grief and the clinician's response to bereaved patients and the Task Force's final decisions are presented, providing an overview of the status of grief post-DSM-5.

TL;DR: The introduction of “explicit diagnostic criteria” in psychiatry – initially only for research purposes and subsequently, with the DSM-III, also for use in ordinary clinical practice – had a main objective to overcome the “vagueness and subjectivity inherent in the traditional diagnostic process”.

TL;DR: It was interesting to read B. Grady's article 1 in the October 2012 issue of World Psychiatry and draw parallels to the authors' own experience in delivering telepsychiatry services to rural parts of Tamil Nadu in India, where a major challenge has been managing an increasing patient load.

TL;DR: Progress in pediatric psychopharmacology may come from examination of large medical data sets including both pharmacological and psychiatric information, which could lead to drug repurposing, as well as from preclinical translational studies such as those using human induced pluripotent stem cells.

TL;DR: The biopsychosocial model has recently come under criticism from Ghaemi 5 in its original version due to Engel, in which “all three levels, biological, psychological, and social, must be taken into account in every health care task” 6, a proposition which GHAemi rejects and also rejects its traditional opposite, biological reductionism.

TL;DR: A medical specialty should debate the concept of disease, which is so central to medicine itself, because the specific mixes of the four humours that were abnormal could vary infinitely in different persons.

TL;DR: This year the authors celebrate the 100th anniversary of the publication of Karl Jaspers’ General Psychopathology, and some authors have already noticed significant analogies between the historical moment in which that classical text appeared and the present one.

TL;DR: This report is part of a series describing the development of community mental health care in regions around the world, produced by a Task Force appointed by the WPA as part of its Action Plan 2008–2011, and describes issues in relation to South Asia.