Book ChapterDOI
A Closer Look at Regional Curve Standardization of Tree-Ring Records: Justification of the Need, a Warning of Some Pitfalls, and Suggested Improvements in Its Application
Keith R. Briffa,Thomas M. Melvin +1 more
- pp 113-145
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In this article, the authors describe the rationale and early development of regional curve standardization (RCS) and provide some background describing the early development and development of the RCS approach.Abstract:
Some background describing the rationale and early development of regional curve standardization (RCS) is provided. It is shown how, in the application of RCS, low-frequency variance is preserved in the mean values of individual series of tree indices, while medium-frequency variance is also preserved in the slopes. Various problems in the use of the RCS approach are highlighted. The first problem arises because RCS detrending removes the average slope (derived from the data for all trees) from each individual tree measurement series. This operation results in a pervasive ‘trend-in-signal’ bias, which occurs when the underlying growth-forcing signal has variance on timescales that approach or exceed the length of the chronology. Even in a long chronology (i.e., including subfossil data), this effect will bias the start and end of the RCS chronology. Two particular problems associated with the use of RCS on contemporaneously growing trees, which might represent a typical (i.e., modern) sample, are also discussed. The first is the biasing of the RCS curve by the residual climate signal in age-aligned samples and the undesirable subsequent removal of this signal variance in RCS application. The second is the ‘differing-contemporaneous-growth-rate’ bias that effectively imparts a spurious trend over the span of a modern chronology. The first of these two can be mitigated by the application of ‘signal-free’ RCS. The second problem is more insidious and can only be overcome by the use of multiple sub-RCS curves, with a concomitant potential loss of some longer-timescale climate variance. Examples of potential biasing problems in the application of RCS are illustrated by reference to several published studies. Further implications and suggested directions for necessary further development of the RCS concept are discussed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
High-resolution palaeoclimatology of the last millennium: a review of current status and future prospects:
Philip Jones,Keith R. Briffa,Timothy J. Osborn,Janice M. Lough,T. D. van Ommen,Bo Møllesøe Vinther,Jürg Luterbacher,Eugene R. Wahl,Francis W. Zwiers,Michael E. Mann,Gavin A. Schmidt,Caspar M. Ammann,Brendan M. Buckley,Kim M. Cobb,Jan Esper,Hugues Goosse,Nicholas E. Graham,Eystein Jansen,Thorsten Kiefer,C. Kull,Marcel Küttel,Ellen Mosley-Thompson,Jonathan T. Overpeck,Nadja Riedwyl,Michael Schulz,Alexander W. Tudhope,Ricardo Villalba,Heinz Wanner,Eric W. Wolff,Elena Xoplaki +29 more
TL;DR: A review of late-Holocene palaeoclimaoclimatology represents the results from a PAGES/CLIVAR Intersection Panel meeting that took place in June 2006 as mentioned in this paper, emphasizing current issues in their use for climate reconstruction; various approaches that have been adopted to combine multiple climate proxy records to provide estimates of past annual-to-decadal timescale Northern Hemisphere surface temperatures and other climate variables, such as large-scale circulation indices; and the forcing histories used in climate model simulations of the past millennium.
Journal ArticleDOI
Old World megadroughts and pluvials during the Common Era
Edward R. Cook,Richard Seager,Yochanan Kushnir,Keith R. Briffa,Ulf Büntgen,David Frank,Paul J. Krusic,Willy Tegel,Gerard van der Schrier,Laia Andreu-Hayles,Michael Baillie,Claudia Baittinger,Niels Bleicher,Niels Bonde,David Brown,Marco Carrer,Richard J. Cooper,Katarina Čufar,Christoph Dittmar,Jan Esper,Carol B. Griggs,Björn E. Gunnarson,Björn Günther,Emilia Gutiérrez,Kristof Haneca,Samuli Helama,Franz Herzig,Karl-Uwe Heussner,Jutta Hofmann,Pavel Janda,Raymond Kontic,Nesibe Köse,Tomáš Kyncl,Tom Levanič,Hans W. Linderholm,Sturt W. Manning,Thomas M. Melvin,Daniel Miles,Burkhard Neuwirth,Kurt Nicolussi,Paola Nola,Momchil Panayotov,Ionel Popa,Andreas Rothe,Kristina Seftigen,Andrea Seim,Helene Løvstrand Svarva,Miroslav Svoboda,Terje Thun,Mauri Timonen,Ramzi Touchan,Volodymyr Trotsiuk,Valerie Trouet,Felix Walder,Tomasz Ważny,Tomasz Ważny,Rob Wilson,Christian Zang +57 more
TL;DR: Megadroughts reconstructed over north-central Europe in the 11th and mid-15th centuries reinforce other evidence from North America and Asia that droughts were more severe, extensive, and prolonged over Northern Hemisphere land areas before the 20th century, with an inadequate understanding of their causes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Forest resilience to drought varies across biomes
Antonio Gazol,J. Julio Camarero,Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano,Raúl Sánchez-Salguero,Raúl Sánchez-Salguero,Emilia Gutiérrez,Martin de Luis,Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda,Klemen Novak,Vicente Rozas,Pedro A. Tíscar,Juan Carlos Linares,Natalia Martín-Hernández,Edurne Martínez del Castillo,Montse Ribas,Ignacio García-González,Fernando Silla,Álvaro Camisón,Mar Génova,José Miguel Olano,Luis Alberto Longares,Andrea Hevia,Miquel Tomas-Burguera,J. Diego Galván +23 more
TL;DR: Forest resilience to drought was related to both drought severity and forest composition, and evergreen gymnosperms dominating semi-arid Mediterranean forests showed the lowest resistance to drought, but higher recovery than deciduous angiosperms dominate humid temperate forests.
Journal ArticleDOI
The influence of sampling design on tree-ring-based quantification of forest growth
Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles,Flurin Babst,Stefan Klesse,Magdalena Nötzli,Olivier Bouriaud,Raphael Neukom,Raphael Neukom,Matthias Dobbertin,David Frank +8 more
TL;DR: It is found that commonly applied sampling designs can impart systematic biases of varying magnitude to any type of tree-ring-based investigations, independent of the total number of samples considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impacts of droughts on the growth resilience of Northern Hemisphere forests
Antonio Gazol,J. Julio Camarero,William R. L. Anderegg,William R. L. Anderegg,Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano +4 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a large tree-ring database to study how drought influences forest growth resilience, i.e., how forests resist drought events and recover after them.
References
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Book
Tree Rings and Climate
TL;DR: In this paper, a summary of basic dendrochronology, especially its application to Beams from these activities that various statistical methods such as they are covered, is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the Average Value of Correlated Time Series, with Applications in Dendroclimatology and Hydrometeorology
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived formulas for the correlation coefficient between the average of a finite number of time series and the population average, where the subsample signal strength (SSS) and expressed population signal (EPS) were derived.
Journal ArticleDOI
Low-Frequency Signals in Long Tree-Ring Chronologies for Reconstructing Past Temperature Variability
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that carefully selected tree-ring chronologies from 14 sites in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropics can preserve such coherent large-scale, multicentennial temperature trends if proper methods of analysis are used.