Elena Xoplaki

TL;DR: Multiproxy reconstructions of monthly and seasonal surface temperature fields for Europe back to 1500 show that the late 20th- and early 21st-century European climate is very likely (>95% confidence level) warmer than that of any time during the past 500 years.

TL;DR: In this paper, a dedicated effort to synthesize existing scientific knowledge across disciplines is underway and aims to provide a better understanding of the combined risks posed in the Mediterranean Basin, where fewer systematic observations schemes and impact models are based.

TL;DR: A review of late-Holocene palaeoclimaoclimatology represents the results from a PAGES/CLIVAR Intersection Panel meeting that took place in June 2006 as mentioned in this paper, emphasizing current issues in their use for climate reconstruction; various approaches that have been adopted to combine multiple climate proxy records to provide estimates of past annual-to-decadal timescale Northern Hemisphere surface temperatures and other climate variables, such as large-scale circulation indices; and the forcing histories used in climate model simulations of the past millennium.

TL;DR: The influence of large-scale atmospheric circulation at several tropospheric levels on wet season precipitation over 292 sites across the Mediterranean area is assessed in this article, where a statistical downscaling model is designed with an objective methodology based on empirical orthogonal functions and canonical correlation analysis (CCA).

TL;DR: The Mediterranean region has many morphologic, geographical, historical, and societal characteristics, which make its climate scientifically interesting as mentioned in this paper, and the concept of Mediterranean climate is characterized by mild wet winters and warm to hot, dry summers.