Open Access
A Comprehensive Evaluation of Family History and Breast Cancer Risk
TLDR
In this study population, women with a family history of breast cancer, even if the nearest relative with breast cancer is a third-degree relative, are at increased risk of the disease.Abstract:
Objective\p=m-\Thepurpose of this study is to assess the impact of family history on the risk of developing breast cancer Design\p=m-\Acase-control study design was used Setting\p=m-\Toprovide a comprehensive assessment of family history risk, we used the Utah Population Database, a linked database compiled of genealogy data of the descendants of Mormon pioneer families, cancer data from the Utah Cancer Registry, and mortality data from the Utah Department of Vital Statistics Patients\p=m-\Allwomen diagnosed with breast cancer who were in the genealogy database and the Utah Cancer Registry were included Controls were women selected from the genealogy, who like cases had no record of previous cancer They were matched to the cases by age and place of birth Outcome\p=m-\Severaldefinitions of family history were used The total familial risk variable, developed to work effectively in the Utah Genealogy Database, accounts for all family members, their degree of relatedness to the case, and the amount of time they were observed for possible cancer diagnosis Results\p=m-\Athreefold increase in risk, estimated by the odds ratio (OR), of breast cancer among those with the highest family history score (6% of cases) was observed when compared with those with the lowest family history score The OR for women with a first-degree relative with breast cancer was 245 (95% confidence interval [Cl], 184 to 306) If the nearest relative was a second-degree relative, the OR was 182 (95% Cl, 139 to 224); if the nearest relative was a third-degree relative, the OR was 135 (95% Cl, 107 to 164) A slightly greater risk was observed if the first-degree relative was a woman's mother (OR, 244; 95% Cl, 177 to 342) rather than a sister (OR, 201; 95% Cl, 166 to 243) Among subjects diagnosed before the age of 50 years, the disease experience of relatives prior to age 50 was most important, while for older subjects the experience of relatives of all ages was of roughly equal importance Women who developed contralateral breast cancer within 3 years of initial diagnosis were nearly 10 times as likely as women without breast cancer to have a first-degree relative with breast cancer Based on the risk estimates in this study, we have estimated that approximately 17% to 19% of breast cancer in the population could be attributed to family history Women who had a first-degree relative with colon cancer had a 30% increased risk of breast cancer Conclusions\p=m-\Inthis study population, women with a family history of breast cancer, even if the nearest relative with breast cancer is a third-degree relative, are at increased risk of the disease (JAMA 1993;270:1563-1568)read more
Citations
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Phenomics: the next challenge.
TL;DR: Phenomics should be recognized and pursued as an independent discipline to enable the development and adoption of high-throughput and high-dimensional phenotyping.
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The genetic attributable risk of breast and ovarian cancer
TL;DR: The age‐specific proportion of breast and ovarian cancer in the general population that is likely to be due to a breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene(s) is estimated and the age-specific penetrance of ovarian cancer for women predicted to be carriers of a susceptibility gene is calculated using population‐based data.
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BRCA1 mutations in women attending clinics that evaluate the risk of breast cancer.
Fergus J. Couch,Michelle L. Deshano,M.A. Blackwood,Kathleen A. Calzone,Jill Stopfer,Campeau L,Ganguly A,Timothy R. Rebbeck,Barbara L. Weber +8 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that even in a referral clinic specializing in screening women from high-risk families, the majority of tests for BRCA1 mutations will be negative and therefore uninformative.
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Genetic/familial high-risk assessment: breast and ovarian.
Mary B. Daly,Jennifer E. Axilbund,Saundra S. Buys,Beth Crawford,Carolyn Farrell,Susan Friedman,Judy Garber,Salil Goorha,Stephen B. Gruber,Heather Hampel,Virginia Kaklamani,Wendy Kohlmann,Allison W. Kurian,Jennifer K. Litton,P. Kelly Marcom,Robert L. Nussbaum,Kenneth Offit,Tuya Pal,Boris Pasche,Robert Pilarski,Gwen Reiser,Kristen M. Shannon,Jeffrey R. Smith,Elizabeth M. Swisher,Jeffrey N. Weitzel +24 more
TL;DR: Overview All cancers develop as a result of mutations in certain genes, such as those involved in the regulation of cell growth and/or DNA repair, but not all of these mutations are inherited from a parent.
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Family history and the risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
TL;DR: The aim of this study was to identify all the published studies which have quantified the risk of breast cancer associated with a family history of the disease, and to summarise the evidence, with particular emphasis on age‐specific risks according to subject and relative age.
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Breast cancer (1)
Journal ArticleDOI
Age at onset as an indicator of familial risk of breast cancer
TL;DR: No effect of case's menopausal status and bilaterality was found, indicating that in addition to a positive family history, age at onset is the strongest indicator of a possible genetic subtype of breast cancer in these data.