A Long-Term Hydrologically Based Dataset of Land Surface Fluxes and States for the Conterminous United States*
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In this paper, the authors evaluate the land surface schemes in coupled models, including comparisons of model-predicted evapotranspiration with values derived from atmospheric water balances, comparison of model predicted energy and radiative fluxes with tower measurements during periods of intensive observations, and contrast of model predictions of soil moisture with spatial averages of point observations.Abstract:
A frequently encountered difficulty in assessing model-predicted land–atmosphere exchanges of moisture and energy is the absence of comprehensive observations to which model predictions can be compared at the spatial and temporal resolutions at which the models operate. Various methods have been used to evaluate the land surface schemes in coupled models, including comparisons of model-predicted evapotranspiration with values derived from atmospheric water balances, comparison of model-predicted energy and radiative fluxes with tower measurements during periods of intensive observations, comparison of model-predicted runoff with observed streamflow, and comparison of model predictions of soil moisture with spatial averages of point observations. While these approaches have provided useful model diagnostic information, the observation-based products used in the comparisons typically are inconsistent with the model variables with which they are compared—for example, observations are for points or a...read more
Citations
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Warming and Earlier Spring Increase Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity
Anthony L. Westerling,Anthony L. Westerling,Hugo G. Hidalgo,Daniel R. Cayan,Daniel R. Cayan,Thomas W. Swetnam +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that large wildfire activity increased suddenly and markedly in the mid-1980s, with higher large-wildfire frequency, longer wildfire durations, and longer wildfire seasons.
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Hydrologic Implications of Dynamical and Statistical Approaches to Downscaling Climate Model Outputs
TL;DR: In this article, six approaches for downscaling climate model outputs for use in hydrologic simulation were evaluated, with particular emphasis on each method's ability to produce precipitation and other variables used to drive a macro-scale hydrology model applied at much higher spatial resolution than the climate model.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a 50-Year High-Resolution Global Dataset of Meteorological Forcings for Land Surface Modeling
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the creation of a global, 50-yr, 3-hourly, 1.0° dataset of meteorological forcings that can be used to drive models of land surface hydrology.
Journal ArticleDOI
The multi-institution North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS): Utilizing multiple GCIP products and partners in a continental distributed hydrological modeling system
Kenneth E. Mitchell,Dag Lohmann,Paul R. Houser,Eric F. Wood,John Schaake,Alan Robock,Brian Cosgrove,Justin Sheffield,Qingyun Duan,Lifeng Luo,Lifeng Luo,R. Wayne Higgins,Rachel T. Pinker,J. Dan Tarpley,Dennis P. Lettenmaier,Curtis H. Marshall,Curtis H. Marshall,Jared Entin,Ming Pan,Wei Shi,Victor Koren,Jesse Meng,Jesse Meng,Bruce H. Ramsay,Andrew A. Bailey +24 more
TL;DR: A real-time and retrospective North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) is presented in this article, which consists of four land models executing in parallel in uncoupled mode, common hourly surface forcing, and common streamflow routing: all using a 1/8° grid over the continental United States.
Journal ArticleDOI
Projected changes in drought occurrence under future global warming from multi-model, multi-scenario, IPCC AR4 simulations
Justin Sheffield,Eric F. Wood +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed changes in drought occurrence using soil moisture data for the SRES B1, A1B and A2 future climate scenarios relative to the PICNTRL pre-industrial control and 20C3M twen-tieth century simulations from eight AOGCMs that participated in the IPCC AR4.
References
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NDVI-derived land cover classifications at a global scale
Ruth DeFries,John R. Townshend +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a coarse spatial resolution (one by one degree) data set of monthly NDVI values for 1987 was used to explore the methodological issues of identifying land cover types that are spectrally distinct and applicable at the global scale, accounting for phasing of seasons in different parts of the world, validating results in the absence of reliable information on global land cover, and acquiring high quality global data sets of satellite sensor data for input to land cover classifications.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Estimation of global leaf area index and absorbed par using radiative transfer models
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Global Soil Moisture Data Bank
Alan Robock,Konstantin Y. Vinnikov,G. Srinivasan,Jared Entin,Steven E. Hollinger,Nina A. Speranskaya,Suxia Liu,A. Namkhai +7 more
TL;DR: The Global Soil Moisture Data Bank (GSOMoisture) as mentioned in this paper is a web site dedicated to collection, dissemination, and analysis of soil moisture data from around the globe.
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