Journal ArticleDOI
The multi-institution North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS): Utilizing multiple GCIP products and partners in a continental distributed hydrological modeling system
Kenneth E. Mitchell,Dag Lohmann,Paul R. Houser,Eric F. Wood,John Schaake,Alan Robock,Brian Cosgrove,Justin Sheffield,Qingyun Duan,Lifeng Luo,Lifeng Luo,R. Wayne Higgins,Rachel T. Pinker,J. Dan Tarpley,Dennis P. Lettenmaier,Curtis H. Marshall,Curtis H. Marshall,Jared Entin,Ming Pan,Wei Shi,Victor Koren,Jesse Meng,Jesse Meng,Bruce H. Ramsay,Andrew A. Bailey +24 more
TLDR
A real-time and retrospective North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) is presented in this article, which consists of four land models executing in parallel in uncoupled mode, common hourly surface forcing, and common streamflow routing: all using a 1/8° grid over the continental United States.Abstract:
[1] Results are presented from the multi-institution partnership to develop a real-time and retrospective North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). NLDAS consists of (1) four land models executing in parallel in uncoupled mode, (2) common hourly surface forcing, and (3) common streamflow routing: all using a 1/8° grid over the continental United States. The initiative is largely sponsored by the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP). As the overview for nine NLDAS papers, this paper describes and evaluates the 3-year NLDAS execution of 1 October 1996 to 30 September 1999, a period rich in observations for validation. The validation emphasizes (1) the land states, fluxes, and input forcing of four land models, (2) the application of new GCIP-sponsored products, and (3) a multiscale approach. The validation includes (1) mesoscale observing networks of land surface forcing, fluxes, and states, (2) regional snowpack measurements, (3) daily streamflow measurements, and (4) satellite-based retrievals of snow cover, land surface skin temperature (LST), and surface insolation. The results show substantial intermodel differences in surface evaporation and runoff (especially over nonsparse vegetation), soil moisture storage, snowpack, and LST. Owing to surprisingly large intermodel differences in aerodynamic conductance, intermodel differences in midday summer LST were unlike those expected from the intermodel differences in Bowen ratio. Last, anticipating future assimilation of LST, an NLDAS effort unique to this overview paper assesses geostationary-satellite-derived LST, determines the latter to be of good quality, and applies the latter to validate modeled LST.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
North american regional reanalysis
Fedor Mesinger,Geoff DiMego,Eugenia Kalnay,Kenneth E. Mitchell,Perry Shafran,Wesley Ebisuzaki,Dusan Jovic,John S. Woollen,Eric Rogers,Ernesto Hugo Berbery,Michael Ek,Yun Fan,Robert Grumbine,Wayne Higgins,Hong Li,Ying Lin,Geoff Manikin,David F. Parrish,Wei Shi +18 more
TL;DR: The North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) project as mentioned in this paper uses the NCEP Eta model and its Data Assimilation System (at 32-km-45-layer resolution with 3-hourly output) to capture regional hydrological cycle, the diurnal cycle and other important features of weather and climate variability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta model
Michael Ek,Kenneth E. Mitchell,Y. Lin,E. Rogers,P. Grunmann,Victor Koren,G. Gayno,J. D. Tarpley +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the impact tests that preceded the most recent operational upgrades to the land surface model used in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) mesoscale Eta model, whose operational domain includes North America.
Journal Article
Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta model : GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project, Part 3 (GCIP3)
Michael Ek,Kenneth E. Mitchell,Y. Lin,E. Rogers,P. Grunmann,Victor Koren,G. Gayno,J. D. Tarpley +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the impact tests that preceded the most recent operational upgrades to the land surface model used in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) mesoscale Eta model, whose operational domain includes North America.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Global Precipitation Measurement Mission
Arthur Y. Hou,Ramesh K. Kakar,Steven P. Neeck,Ardeshir A. Azarbarzin,Christian D. Kummerow,Masahiro Kojima,Riko Oki,Kenji Nakamura,Toshio Iguchi +8 more
TL;DR: The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international satellite mission specifically designed to set a new standard for the measurement of precipitation from space and to provide a new generation of global rainfall and snowfall observations in all parts of the world every 3 h as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with local-scale measurements
Guo Yue Niu,Guo Yue Niu,Zong-Liang Yang,Kenneth E. Mitchell,Fei Chen,Michael Ek,Michael Barlage,Anil Kumar,Kevin W. Manning,Dev Niyogi,Enrique Rosero,Enrique Rosero,Mukul Tewari,Youlong Xia +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the objectives of community efforts in improving the Noah land surface model (LSM), documents, through mathematical formulations, the augmented conceptual realism in biophysical and hydrological processes, and introduces a framework for multiple options to parameterize selected processes (Noah•MP).
References
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The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
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The Global Land Data Assimilation System
Mathew Rodell,Paul R. Houser,U. Jambor,Jon Gottschalck,Kenneth E. Mitchell,C. J. Meng,Kristi R. Arsenault,B. Cosgrove,J Radakovich,Michael G. Bosilovich,Jared Entin,Jeffrey P. Walker,Dag Lohmann,David Toll +13 more
TL;DR: The Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) as mentioned in this paper is an uncoupled land surface modeling system that drives multiple models, integrates a huge quantity of observation-based data, runs globally at high resolution (0.25°), and produces results in near-real time (typically within 48 h of the present).
Journal ArticleDOI
A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models
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The Interpretation of the Variations in Leaf Water Potential and Stomatal Conductance Found in Canopies in the Field
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