A mouse cerberus/Dan-related gene family
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TLDR
Cer1, Drm, PRDC, Dan, and Dteis were found to play important roles in patterning the developing embryo in the mouse as mentioned in this paper, showing that the region of homology shared by these genes, here called the can domain, closely resembles the cysteine knot motif found in a number of signaling molecules such as members of the TGFβ superfamily.Citations
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Efficient differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to definitive endoderm.
TL;DR: The process of definitive endoderm formation in differentiating hES cell cultures includes an apparent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and a dynamic gene expression profile that are reminiscent of vertebrate gastrulation that may facilitate the use of hES cells for therapeutic purposes and as in vitro models of development.
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LDL receptor-related proteins 5 and 6 in Wnt/β-catenin signaling: Arrows point the way
TL;DR: This review highlights recent progress and unresolved issues in understanding the function and regulation of Arrow/Lrp5/Llrp6 in Wnt signaling, and discusses Arrows interactions with Wnt and the Frizzled family of Wnt receptors, and with the intracellular β-catenin degradation apparatus.
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Bone dysplasia sclerosteosis results from loss of the SOST gene product, a novel cystine knot-containing protein
Mary E. Brunkow,Jessica Gardner,Jeff Van Ness,Bryan W. Paeper,Brian Kovacevich,Sean Proll,John E. Skonier,L. Zhao,P.J. Sabo,Ying-Hui Fu,Reid S. Alisch,Lucille Gillett,Trenton Colbert,Paolo Tacconi,David J. Galas,Herman Hamersma,Peter Beighton,John T. Mulligan +17 more
TL;DR: The specific and progressive effect on bone formation observed in individuals affected with sclerosteosis, along with the data presented in this study, together suggest that the SOST gene encodes an important new regulator of bone homeostasis.
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Bone morphogenetic proteins, their antagonists, and the skeleton.
TL;DR: A large number of extracellular proteins that bind BMPs and prevent their binding to signaling receptors have emerged, indicating the existence and need of local feedback mechanisms to temper BMP cellular activities.
References
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Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4
TL;DR: Using an improved method of gel electrophoresis, many hitherto unknown proteins have been found in bacteriophage T4 and some of these have been identified with specific gene products.
Journal Article
Cleavage of structural proteins during the assemble of the head of bacterio-phage T4
TL;DR: Using an improved method of gel electrophoresis, many hitherto unknown proteins have been found in bacteriophage T4 and some of these have been identified with specific gene products as mentioned in this paper.
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Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs.
Stephen F. Altschul,Thomas L. Madden,Alejandro A. Schäffer,Jinghui Zhang,Zheng Zhang,Webb Miller,David J. Lipman +6 more
TL;DR: A new criterion for triggering the extension of word hits, combined with a new heuristic for generating gapped alignments, yields a gapped BLAST program that runs at approximately three times the speed of the original.
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Identification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal peptides and prediction of their cleavage sites.
TL;DR: A new method for the identification of signal peptides and their cleavage sites based on neural networks trained on separate sets of prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequence that performs significantly better than previous prediction schemes and can easily be applied on genome-wide data sets.
SHORT COMMUNICATION Identification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal peptides and prediction of their cleavage sites
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method for the identification of in performance compared with the weight matrix method signal peptides and their cleavage sites based on neural (Arrigo et al., 1991; Ladunga et al, 1991; Schneider and networks trained on separate sets of prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequence.