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A quantum Newton's cradle
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors show that a homogeneous 1D Bose gas with point-like collisional interactions is integrable, and that it is possible to construct a system with many degrees of freedom that does not reach thermal equilibrium even after thousands of collisions.Abstract:
It is a fundamental assumption of statistical mechanics that a closed system with many degrees of freedom ergodically samples all equal energy points in phase space. To understand the limits of this assumption, it is important to find and study systems that are not ergodic, and thus do not reach thermal equilibrium. A few complex systems have been proposed that are expected not to thermalize because their dynamics are integrable. Some nearly integrable systems of many particles have been studied numerically, and shown not to ergodically sample phase space. However, there has been no experimental demonstration of such a system with many degrees of freedom that does not approach thermal equilibrium. Here we report the preparation of out-of-equilibrium arrays of trapped one-dimensional (1D) Bose gases, each containing from 40 to 250 87Rb atoms, which do not noticeably equilibrate even after thousands of collisions. Our results are probably explainable by the well-known fact that a homogeneous 1D Bose gas with point-like collisional interactions is integrable. Until now, however, the time evolution of out-of-equilibrium 1D Bose gases has been a theoretically unsettled issue, as practical factors such as harmonic trapping and imperfectly point-like interactions may compromise integrability. The absence of damping in 1D Bose gases may lead to potential applications in force sensing and atom interferometry.read more
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Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent experimental and theoretical progress concerning many-body phenomena in dilute, ultracold gases is presented, focusing on effects beyond standard weakcoupling descriptions, such as the Mott-Hubbard transition in optical lattices, strongly interacting gases in one and two dimensions, or lowest-Landau-level physics in quasi-two-dimensional gases in fast rotation.
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Thermalization and its mechanism for generic isolated quantum systems
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a generic isolated quantum many-body system does relax to a state well described by the standard statistical-mechanical prescription, and it is shown that time evolution itself plays a merely auxiliary role in relaxation, and that thermalization instead happens at the level of individual eigenstates, as first proposed by Deutsch and Srednicki.
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Colloquium: Nonequilibrium dynamics of closed interacting quantum systems
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give an overview of recent theoretical and experimental progress in the area of nonequilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum systems, particularly focusing on quantum quenches: the temporal evolution following a sudden or slow change of the coupling constants of the system Hamiltonian.
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Observation of many-body localization of interacting fermions in a quasirandom optical lattice
Michael Schreiber,Sean Hodgman,Pranjal Bordia,Henrik P. Lüschen,Mark H. Fischer,Ronen Vosk,Ehud Altman,Ulrich Schneider,Immanuel Bloch +8 more
TL;DR: This experiment experimentally observed this nonergodic evolution for interacting fermions in a one-dimensional quasirandom optical lattice and identified the MBL transition through the relaxation dynamics of an initially prepared charge density wave.
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Quantum many-body systems out of equilibrium
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the progress in probing dynamical equilibration and thermalization of closed quantum many-body systems driven out of equilibrium by quenches, ramps and periodic driving.
References
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Bose-Einstein condensation in a magnetic lattice
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the realization of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of 87Rb F = 1 atoms in multiple sites of a one-dimensional 10 μm-periods magnetic lattice.
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From the Quantum Transfer Matrix to the Quench Action: The Loschmidt echo in $XXZ$ Heisenberg spin chains
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the computation of the Loschmidt echo after quantum quenches in the interacting $XXZ$ Heisenberg spin chain both for real and imaginary times.
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A More Efficient Way to Describe Interacting Quantum Particles in 1D
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for calculating the time-evolving behavior of interacting quantum particles in one dimension can be used to model experiments that were previously beyond description, such as quantum teleportation.
Journal Article
Many-Body Dephasing in a Trapped-Ion Quantum Simulator
Wen Lin Tan,H. B. Kaplan,Arinjoy De,Guido Pagano,Christopher Monroe,Lingzhen Guo,Florian Marquardt +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the temporal fluctuations in the average magnetization of a finite-size system of spin-1/2 particles in a regime where the properties of the system are closely related to the integrable Hamiltonian with global spin-spin coupling, which enables analytical predictions for the long-time nonintegrable dynamics.
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Comparison of the iterated equation of motion approach and the density matrix formalism for the quantum Rabi model
TL;DR: In this paper, the density matrix formalism and the equation of motion approach are used to compute the non-equilibrium dynamics of correlated systems and compare the approximate results and the exact dynamics of the system and discuss the accuracy of the approximations as well as the advantages and disadvantages of both methods.