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A quantum Newton's cradle
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In this paper, the authors show that a homogeneous 1D Bose gas with point-like collisional interactions is integrable, and that it is possible to construct a system with many degrees of freedom that does not reach thermal equilibrium even after thousands of collisions.Abstract:
It is a fundamental assumption of statistical mechanics that a closed system with many degrees of freedom ergodically samples all equal energy points in phase space. To understand the limits of this assumption, it is important to find and study systems that are not ergodic, and thus do not reach thermal equilibrium. A few complex systems have been proposed that are expected not to thermalize because their dynamics are integrable. Some nearly integrable systems of many particles have been studied numerically, and shown not to ergodically sample phase space. However, there has been no experimental demonstration of such a system with many degrees of freedom that does not approach thermal equilibrium. Here we report the preparation of out-of-equilibrium arrays of trapped one-dimensional (1D) Bose gases, each containing from 40 to 250 87Rb atoms, which do not noticeably equilibrate even after thousands of collisions. Our results are probably explainable by the well-known fact that a homogeneous 1D Bose gas with point-like collisional interactions is integrable. Until now, however, the time evolution of out-of-equilibrium 1D Bose gases has been a theoretically unsettled issue, as practical factors such as harmonic trapping and imperfectly point-like interactions may compromise integrability. The absence of damping in 1D Bose gases may lead to potential applications in force sensing and atom interferometry.read more
Citations
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Ergodic dynamics and thermalization in an isolated quantum system
Charles Neill,Pedram Roushan,Michael Fang,Yu Chen,Michael Kolodrubetz,Zijun Chen,Anthony Megrant,Rami Barends,Brooks Campbell,Benjamin Chiaro,Andrew Dunsworth,Evan Jeffrey,Julian Kelly,Josh Mutus,Peter O'Malley,Chris Quintana,Daniel Sank,Amit Vainsencher,James Wenner,Ted White,Anatoli Polkovnikov,John M. Martinis,John M. Martinis +22 more
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Engineered Open Systems and Quantum Simulations with Atoms and Ions
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Few-body physics with ultracold atomic and molecular systems in traps
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Quantum Quench in the Transverse Field Ising Chain II: Stationary State Properties
TL;DR: In this article, the stationary state properties of the reduced density matrix as well as spin-spin correlation functions after a sudden quantum quench of the magnetic field in the transverse field Ising chain were investigated.
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Generalized clausius inequality for nonequilibrium quantum processes.
Sebastian Deffner,Eric Lutz +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that the nonequ equilibrium entropy production for a driven quantum system is larger than the Bures length, the geometric distance between its actual state and the corresponding equilibrium state, which generalizes the Clausius inequality to arbitrary nonequilibrium processes beyond linear response.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent experimental and theoretical progress concerning many-body phenomena in dilute, ultracold gases is presented, focusing on effects beyond standard weakcoupling descriptions, such as the Mott-Hubbard transition in optical lattices, strongly interacting gases in one and two dimensions, or lowest-Landau-level physics in quasi-two-dimensional gases in fast rotation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermalization and its mechanism for generic isolated quantum systems
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a generic isolated quantum many-body system does relax to a state well described by the standard statistical-mechanical prescription, and it is shown that time evolution itself plays a merely auxiliary role in relaxation, and that thermalization instead happens at the level of individual eigenstates, as first proposed by Deutsch and Srednicki.
Journal ArticleDOI
Colloquium: Nonequilibrium dynamics of closed interacting quantum systems
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give an overview of recent theoretical and experimental progress in the area of nonequilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum systems, particularly focusing on quantum quenches: the temporal evolution following a sudden or slow change of the coupling constants of the system Hamiltonian.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exact analysis of an interacting bose gas. i. the general solution and the ground state
Elliott H. Lieb,Werner Liniger +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the ground-state energy as a function of γ was derived for all γ, except γ = 0, and it was shown that Bogoliubov's perturbation theory is valid when γ is small.
Journal ArticleDOI
From quantum chaos and eigenstate thermalization to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics
TL;DR: The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) as discussed by the authors is a natural extension of quantum chaos and random matrix theory (RMT) that allows one to describe thermalization in isolated chaotic systems without invoking the notion of an external bath.