Journal ArticleDOI
A role for lipid shells in targeting proteins to caveolae, rafts, and other lipid domains.
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TLDR
This work proposes that the molecular address for proteins targeted to lipid domains is a lipid shell, which is high in cholesterol and sphingolipids, have a light buoyant density, and function in both endocytosis and cell signaling.Abstract:
The surface membrane of cells is studded with morphologically distinct regions, or domains, like microvilli, cell-cell junctions, and coated pits. Each of these domains is specialized for a particular function, such as nutrient absorption, cell-cell communication, and endocytosis. Lipid domains, which include caveolae and rafts, are one of the least understood membrane domains. These domains are high in cholesterol and sphingolipids, have a light buoyant density, and function in both endocytosis and cell signaling. A major mystery, however, is how resident molecules are targeted to lipid domains. Here, we propose that the molecular address for proteins targeted to lipid domains is a lipid shell.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Lipid Rafts As a Membrane-Organizing Principle
Daniel Lingwood,Kai Simons +1 more
TL;DR: The evidence for how this principle combines the potential for sphingolipid-cholesterol self-assembly with protein specificity to selectively focus membrane bioactivity is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulated portals of entry into the cell
Sean D. Conner,Sandra L. Schmid +1 more
TL;DR: ‘Endocytosis’ encompasses several diverse mechanisms by which cells internalize macromolecules and particles into transport vesicles derived from the plasma membrane and must be viewed in a broader context than simple vesicular trafficking.
Journal ArticleDOI
Model systems, lipid rafts, and cell membranes.
Kai Simons,Winchil L.C. Vaz +1 more
TL;DR: This review critically analyzes what is known of phase behavior and liquid-liquid immiscibility in model systems and compares these data with what isknown of domain formation in cell membranes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rafts defined: a report on the Keystone symposium on lipid rafts and cell function
TL;DR: A consensus definition of a membrane raft is emerged that helps to clarify current thinking in a field that has been plagued by the heterogeneous and sometimes ephemeral nature of its subject.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lipid Rafts: Elusive or Illusive?
TL;DR: There has been considerable recent interest in the possibility that the plasma membrane contains lipid "rafts," microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, and it seems that a definitive proof of raft existence has yet to be obtained.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Functional rafts in cell membranes
Kai Simons,Elina Ikonen +1 more
TL;DR: A new aspect of cell membrane structure is presented, based on the dynamic clustering of sphingolipids and cholesterol to form rafts that move within the fluid bilayer that function as platforms for the attachment of proteins when membranes are moved around inside the cell and during signal transduction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functions of lipid rafts in biological membranes.
Deborah A. Brown,Erwin London +1 more
TL;DR: The relationship between detergent-resistant membranes, rafts, caveolae, and low-density plasma membrane fragments, and possible functions of lipid rafts in membranes are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Caveolin, a protein component of caveolae membrane coats.
Karen G. Rothberg,John E. Heuser,William C. Donzell,Yun-shu Ying,John R. Glenney,Richard G.W. Anderson +5 more
TL;DR: Structural analysis of the striated coat of caveolae reveals a third type of coated membrane specialization that is involved in molecular transport and is named caveolin, suggesting that this molecule is a component of the coat.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure of Staphylococcal α-Hemolysin, a Heptameric Transmembrane Pore
TL;DR: The structure proves the heptameric subunit stoichiometry of the α-hemolysin oligomer, shows that a glycine-rich and solvent-exposed region of a water-soluble protein can self-assemble to form a transmembrane pore of defined structure, and provides insight into the principles of membrane interaction and transport activity of β barrel pore-forming toxins.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Caveolae Membrane System
TL;DR: Caveolae constitute an entire membrane system with multiple functions essential for the cell and are capable of importing molecules and delivering them to specific locations within the cell, exporting molecules to extracellular space, and compartmentalizing a variety of signaling activities.