A statistical examination of the effects of stratospheric sulfate geoengineering on tropical storm genesis
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TLDR
In this article, the authors used five CMIP5 models that have run the RCP4.5 experiment and the GeoMIP stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) G4 experiment to calculate the genesis potential index (GPI) and ventilation index (VI) over the 2020 to 2069 period across the six ocean basins that generate TCs.Abstract:
. The thermodynamics of the ocean and atmosphere partly determine variability in tropical cyclone (TC) number and intensity and are readily accessible from climate model output, but an accurate description of TC variability requires much higher spatial and temporal resolution than the models used in the GeoMIP (Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project) experiments provide. The genesis potential index (GPI) and ventilation index (VI) are combinations of dynamic and thermodynamic variables that provide proxies for TC activity under different climate states. Here we use five CMIP5 models that have run the RCP4.5 experiment and the GeoMIP stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) G4 experiment to calculate the two TC indices over the 2020 to 2069 period across the six ocean basins that generate TCs. GPI is consistently and significantly lower under G4 than RCP4.5 in five out of six ocean basins, but it increases under G4 in the South Pacific. The models project potential intensity and relative humidity to be the dominant variables affecting GPI. Changes in vertical wind shear are significant, but it is correlated with relative humidity, though with different relations across both models and ocean basins. We find that tropopause temperature is not a useful addition to sea surface temperature (SST) in projecting TC genesis, perhaps because the earth system models (ESMs) vary in their simulation of the various upper-tropospheric changes induced by the aerosol injection.read more
Citations
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Halving warming with idealized solar geoengineering moderates key climate hazards
Peter J. Irvine,Kerry Emanuel,Jie He,Jie He,Jie He,Larry W. Horowitz,Gabriel A. Vecchi,David W. Keith +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the fraction of locations that see their local climate change exacerbated or moderated by solar geoengineering using the high-resolution forecast-oriented low ocean resolution (HiFLOR) model and 12 models from the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP).
Dynamic Potential Intensity: An Improved Representation of the Ocean's Impact on Tropical Cyclones
Gregory R. Foltz,Karthik Balaguru,L. R. Leung,E. A. D'Asaro,Kerry Emanuel,Hailong Liu,Sarah E. Zedler +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a dynamic potential intensity (DPI) based on considerations of stratified fluid turbulence to account for the effects of tropical cyclone (TC)-induced upper ocean mixing and sea surface temperature cooling on TC intensification.
Increased Tropical Atlantic Wind Shear in Model Projections of Global Warming
Gabriel A. Vecchi,Brian J. Soden +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a suite of state-of-the-art global climate model experiments is used to project changes in vertical wind shear (Vs) over the tropical Atlantic during hurricane season, which has been historically associated with diminished hurricane activity and intensity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extreme temperature and precipitation response to solar dimming and stratospheric aerosol geoengineering
Duoying Ji,Songsong Fang,Charles L. Curry,Hiroki Kashimura,Shingo Watanabe,Jason N. S. Cole,Andrew Lenton,Helene Muri,Ben Kravitz,John C. Moore,John C. Moore,John C. Moore +11 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined extreme temperature and precipitation under two potential geoengineering methods forming part of the Geoengineering Model-Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP).
Journal ArticleDOI
Seasonal Injection Strategies for Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering
Daniele Visioni,Douglas G. MacMartin,Ben Kravitz,Ben Kravitz,Simone Tilmes,Michael J. Mills,Jadwiga H. Richter,Matthew P. Boudreau +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors simulated single point injections of the same amount of SO2 in each of the four seasons and at five different latitudes (30°S, 15°S and 30°N) at 5 km above the tropopause.
References
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