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Additive manufacturing of metals

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TLDR
In this paper, the authors describe the complex relationship between additive manufacturing processes, microstructure and resulting properties for metals, and typical microstructures for additively manufactured steel, aluminium and titanium are presented.
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This article is published in Acta Materialia.The article was published on 2016-09-15. It has received 2837 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Aluminium.

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Additive manufacturing of metallic components – Process, structure and properties

TL;DR: A review of the emerging research on additive manufacturing of metallic materials is provided in this article, which provides a comprehensive overview of the physical processes and the underlying science of metallurgical structure and properties of the deposited parts.
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Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the main 3D printing methods, materials and their development in trending applications was carried out in this paper, where the revolutionary applications of AM in biomedical, aerospace, buildings and protective structures were discussed.
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Additively manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility

TL;DR: The potential of additive manufacturing to create alloys with unique microstructures and high performance for structural applications is demonstrated, with austenitic 316L stainless steels additively manufactured via a laser powder-bed-fusion technique exhibiting a combination of yield strength and tensile ductility that surpasses that of conventional 316L steels.
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Additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy: A review

TL;DR: In this paper, the recent progress on Ti6Al4V fabricated by three mostly developed additive manufacturing techniques-directed energy deposition (DED), selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM)-is thoroughly investigated and compared.
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A review of the wire arc additive manufacturing of metals: properties, defects and quality improvement

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the emerging research on wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) techniques and the commonly used metallic feedstock materials, and also provide a comprehensive over view of the metallurgical and material properties of the deposited parts.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Numerical modeling of microstructure evolution during laser additive manufacturing of a nickel-based superalloy

TL;DR: In this paper, a multi-scale model that combines the finite element method and stochastic analysis is developed to simulate the evolution of the microstructure of an Nb-bearing nickel-based superalloy during laser additive manufacturing solidification.
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Microstructural evolution in laser-deposited multilayer Ti-6Al-4V builds: Part II. Thermal modeling

TL;DR: The thermal history developed in laser metal deposition (LMD) processes has been shown to be quite complex and results in the evolution of an equally complex microstructure as discussed by the authors, and a numerical thermal model based on the implicit finite-difference technique was developed to model LMD processes.
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The direct metal deposition of H13 tool steel for 3-D components

TL;DR: In this article, the microstructure and mechanical properties of H13 alloy are described using the direct metal deposition (DMD) technique, which is the state-of-the-art for die and tool manufacturing.
Journal ArticleDOI

Gas flow effects on selective laser melting (SLM) manufacturing performance

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of inert gas flow within the selective laser melting (SLM) process and the effects induced by this gas flow on the reproducibility of the key attributes (porosity and compression strength) created in the construction of porous titanium components were investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI

Process and Mechanical Properties: Applicability of a Scandium modified Al-alloy for Laser Additive Manufacturing

TL;DR: The applicability of an aluminium alloy containing scandium for laser additive manufacturing (LAM) is considered in this article, where the development, production and testing of parts built up by a laser powder bed process are presented with regard to the qualification of the new material concept “ScalmalloyRP®” for LAM.
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