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Altered monocyte differentiation and macrophage polarization patterns in patients with breast cancer.

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TLDR
Aberrant macrophage polarization was observed in breast cancer and was correlated with breast cancer stage, and quantitative data may provide new molecular biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in Breast cancer.
Abstract
Macrophage heterogeneity is the main feature of the tumour microenvironment. Breast cancer is one of the most life-threatening cancers. However, macrophage polarization patterns in different tumour stages and the importance of its relationship to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer remains highly unclear. The present study investigated the patterns of monocyte differentiation and macrophage polarization in breast cancer. Patients with breast cancer (n = 48) and healthy controls (n = 39) were prospectively recruited. The percentages and subsets of circulating macrophage-like cells were analysed by flow cytometry, and the polarization patterns of these cells in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer were compared with those of healthy controls. In addition, macrophage polarization patterns in different stages and HER2 status in breast cancer were investigated. The percentages of circulating macrophages, which are defined as PM-2 K+ cells in the peripheral blood, were significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in healthy controls. The percentages of M1-like macrophages were significantly lower, but those of M2-like macrophages were significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in healthy controls. The percentage of M2c-like macrophages was significantly higher in advanced (stages II and III) breast cancer. However, the patterns of macrophage polarization were not associated with HER2 status in breast cancer. Aberrant macrophage polarization was observed in breast cancer and was correlated with breast cancer stage. These quantitative data may provide new molecular biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer.

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The Obesity Paradox in Cancer, Tumor Immunology, and Immunotherapy: Potential Therapeutic Implications in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

TL;DR: The impact of obesity on breast tumorigenesis and progression on the one hand, and on the immune contexture on the other hand is resolved, and the potential implications of Obesity on immunotherapy response in breast cancer are speculated.
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TL;DR: Additional different signals emitted from the tumor microenvironment and also detectable in the blood, such as soluble factors and non-tumoral circulating cells, arise as novel promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction.
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Tumor-Derived Exosomes Induced M2 Macrophage Polarization and Promoted the Metastasis of Osteosarcoma Cells Through Tim-3

TL;DR: The results revealed that osteosarcoma cells could induce M2 type differentiation of macrophages largely through Tim-3 mediated by exosomes, which in turn could promote the migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and lung metastasis of ostea cells through the secretion of cytokines including IL-10, TGF-β, and VEGF.
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LncRNA GNAS-AS1 facilitates ER+ breast cancer cells progression by promoting M2 macrophage polarization via regulating miR-433-3p/GATA3 axis.

TL;DR: GNAS-AS1 facilitated the capabilities of proliferation, migration and invasion of ER+ breast cancer cells by accelerating M2 macrophage polarization via directly sponging miR-433-3p and GATA3, which may provide a new strategy and target for ER+, breast cancer treatment.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene

TL;DR: Amplification of the HER-2/neu gene was a significant predictor of both overall survival and time to relapse in patients with breast cancer, and had greater prognostic value than most currently used prognostic factors in lymph node-positive disease.
Journal ArticleDOI

The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization.

TL;DR: Recent evidence suggests that differential modulation of the chemokine system integrates polarized macrophages in pathways of resistance to, or promotion of, microbial pathogens and tumors, or immunoregulation, tissue repair and remodeling.
Journal ArticleDOI

Humanization of an anti-p185HER2 antibody for human cancer therapy.

TL;DR: The murine monoclonal antibody mumAb4D5, directed against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (p 185HER2), specifically inhibits proliferation of human tumor cells overexpressing p185HER2, but the efficacy of mumAb 4D5 in human cancer therapy is likely to be limited by a human anti-mouse antibody response and lack of effector functions.
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However, the patterns of macrophage polarization were not associated with HER2 status in breast cancer. Aberrant macrophage polarization was observed in breast cancer and was correlated with breast cancer stage.