An update on immunologic mechanisms in the respiratory mucosa in response to air pollutants.
TLDR
Genetic variants in genes important in epithelial cell function and phenotype contribute to a diversity of responses toAir pollution in the population at the individual and group levels and suggest a need for personalized approaches to attenuate the respiratory mucosal immune responses to air pollution.Abstract:
Every day, we breathe in more than 10,000 L of air that contains a variety of air pollutants that can pose negative consequences to lung health. The respiratory mucosa formed by the airway epithelium is the first point of contact for air pollution in the lung, functioning as a mechanical and immunologic barrier. Under normal circumstances, airway epithelial cells connected by tight junctions secrete mucus, airway surface lining fluid, host defense peptides, and antioxidants and express innate immune pattern recognition receptors to respond to inhaled foreign substances and pathogens. Under conditions of air pollution exposure, the defenses of the airway epithelium are compromised by reductions in barrier function, impaired host defense to pathogens, and exaggerated inflammatory responses. Central to the mechanical and immunologic changes induced by air pollution are activation of redox-sensitive pathways and a role for antioxidants in normalizing these negative effects. Genetic variants in genes important in epithelial cell function and phenotype contribute to a diversity of responses to air pollution in the population at the individual and group levels and suggest a need for personalized approaches to attenuate the respiratory mucosal immune responses to air pollution.read more
Citations
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Chemical exposure-response relationship between air pollutants and reactive oxygen species in the human respiratory tract
Pascale S. J. Lakey,Thomas Berkemeier,Haijie Tong,Andrea M. Arangio,Kurt Lucas,U. Poeschl,Manabu Shiraiwa +6 more
TL;DR: Chemical exposure-response relations provide a quantitative basis for assessing the relative importance of specific air pollutants in different regions of the world, showing that aerosol-induced epithelial ROS levels in polluted megacity air can be several orders of magnitude higher than in pristine rainforest air.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of Air Pollution on Asthma Outcomes.
Angelica Tiotiu,Plamena Novakova,Denislava Nedeva,Herberto José Chong-Neto,Silviya Novakova,Paschalis Steiropoulos,Krzysztof Kowal +6 more
TL;DR: Global measures, that aim to reduce exposure to air pollutants, are highly needed in order to improve the outcomes and management of adult and pediatric asthma in addition to the existing guidelines.
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Environmental factors in epithelial barrier dysfunction.
Zeynep Çelebi Sözener,Zeynep Çelebi Sözener,Lacin Cevhertas,Lacin Cevhertas,Kari C. Nadeau,Mübeccel Akdis,Cezmi A. Akdis +6 more
TL;DR: The aim of this article was to discuss the effects of environmental factors such as protease enzymes of allergens, detergents, tobacco, ozone, particulate matter, diesel exhaust, nanoparticles, and microplastic on the integrity of the epithelial barriers in the context of epithelial barrier hypothesis.
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PM2.5 on the London Underground
James Smith,Benjamin Barratt,Gary Fuller,Frank J. Kelly,Matthew Loxham,Eleonora M.G. Nicolosi,Max Priestman,Anja H. Tremper,David C. Green +8 more
TL;DR: PM2.5 concentrations on the London Underground are higher than ambient and other subway systems, and Dust is generated by the wear of train components and resuspended by passing trains.
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Asthma and air pollution: recent insights in pathogenesis and clinical implications.
TL;DR: The importance of reducing air pollution levels to avert the progressive increase in asthma incidence and morbidity is highlighted.
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