Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing Bias in Studies of Prognostic Factors
Jill A. Hayden,Daniëlle A W M van der Windt,Jennifer Cartwright,Pierre Côté,Claire Bombardier +4 more
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TLDR
The refined Quality In Prognosis Studies tool is described, which includes questions related to these areas that can inform judgments of risk of bias in prognostic research.Abstract:
Previous work has identified 6 important areas to consider when evaluating validity and bias in studies of prognostic factors: participation, attrition, prognostic factor measurement, confounding measurement and account, outcome measurement, and analysis and reporting. This article describes the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool, which includes questions related to these areas that can inform judgments of risk of bias in prognostic research.A working group comprising epidemiologists, statisticians, and clinicians developed the tool as they considered prognosis studies of low back pain. Forty-three groups reviewing studies addressing prognosis in other topic areas used the tool and provided feedback. Most reviewers (74%) reported that reaching consensus on judgments was easy. Median completion time per study was 20 minutes; interrater agreement (κ statistic) reported by 9 review teams varied from 0.56 to 0.82 (median, 0.75). Some reviewers reported challenges making judgments across prompting items, which were addressed by providing comprehensive guidance and examples. The refined Quality In Prognosis Studies tool may be useful to assess the risk of bias in studies of prognostic factors.read more
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Dementia prevention, intervention, and care
Gill Livingston,Gill Livingston,Andrew Sommerlad,Vasiliki Orgeta,Sergi G. Costafreda,Sergi G. Costafreda,Jonathan Huntley,Jonathan Huntley,David Ames,Clive Ballard,Sube Banerjee,Alistair Burns,Jiska Cohen-Mansfield,Claudia Cooper,Claudia Cooper,Nick C. Fox,Laura N. Gitlin,Robert Howard,Robert Howard,Helen C. Kales,Eric B. Larson,Eric B. Larson,Karen Ritchie,Karen Ritchie,Kenneth Rockwood,Elizabeth L Sampson,Quincy M. Samus,Lon S. Schneider,Geir Selbæk,Geir Selbæk,Linda Teri,Naaheed Mukadam +31 more
TL;DR: The Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention, Intervention, and Care met to consolidate the huge strides that have been made and the emerging knowledge as to what the authors should do to prevent and manage dementia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Predicting adult obesity from childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
TL;DR: Investigating the ability of simple measures of childhood obesity such as body mass index (BMI) to predict future obesity in adolescence and adulthood found that obese children and adolescents were around five times more likely to be obese in adulthood than those who were not obese.
Journal ArticleDOI
Critical appraisal and data extraction for systematic reviews of prediction modelling studies: the CHARMS checklist.
Karel G.M. Moons,Joris A. H. de Groot,Walter Bouwmeester,Yvonne Vergouwe,Susan Mallett,Douglas G. Altman,Johannes B. Reitsma,Gary S. Collins +7 more
TL;DR: Carl Moons and colleagues provide a checklist and background explanation for critically appraising and extracting data from systematic reviews of prognostic and diagnostic prediction modelling studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
PROBAST: A tool to assess the risk of bias and applicability of prediction model studies
Robert Wolff,Karel G.M. Moons,Richard D Riley,Penny Whiting,Marie Westwood,Gary S. Collins,Johannes B. Reitsma,Jos Kleijnen,Susan Mallett +8 more
TL;DR: This work presents PROBAST (Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool), a tool to assess the ROB and concerns regarding the applicability of diagnostic and prognostic prediction model studies, and develops the accompanying explanation and elaboration document.
Journal ArticleDOI
Is increased time to diagnosis and treatment in symptomatic cancer associated with poorer outcomes? Systematic review
Richard D Neal,Puvan Tharmanathan,Nafees Ud Din,Samuel Cotton,Julia Fallon-Ferguson,William Hamilton,Annie Hendry,Maggie Hendry,Ruth Lewis,Una Macleod,Elizabeth Mitchell,M Pickett,Tekendra K Rai,K Shaw,Nicholas Stuart,Marie Louise Tørring,Clare Wilkinson,Briony Williams,Nefyn Williams,Jon Emery +19 more
TL;DR: This is the first review encompassing many cancer types, and it is demonstrated that efforts to expedite the diagnosis of symptomatic cancer are likely to have benefits for patients in terms of improved survival, earlier-stage diagnosis and improved quality of life, although these benefits vary between cancers.
References
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The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Julian P T Higgins,Douglas G. Altman,Peter C Gøtzsche,Peter Jüni,David Moher,Andrew D Oxman,Jelena Savović,Kenneth F. Schulz,Laura Weeks,Jonathan A C Sterne +9 more
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QUADAS-2: A Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies
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TL;DR: The QUADAS-2 tool will allow for more transparent rating of bias and applicability of primary diagnostic accuracy studies.
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Consensus methods for medical and health services research.
Jeremy Jones,Duncan Hunter +1 more
TL;DR: Two consensus methods commonly adopted in medical, nursing, and health services research--the Delphi process and the nominal group technique (also known as the expert panel)--are described, together with the most appropriate situations for using them.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature
Amika S. Singh,Christiaan Mulder,Jos W. R. Twisk,Jos W. R. Twisk,W. van Mechelen,Mai J. M. Chinapaw +5 more
TL;DR: All included studies consistently report an increased risk of overweight and obese youth becoming overweight adults, suggesting that the likelihood of persistence of overweight into adulthood is moderate for overweight and obesity youth, however, predictive values varied considerably.
Journal Article
Reporting recommendations for tumor marker prognostic studies (remark).
TL;DR: These guidelines are designed to encourage transparent and complete reporting of tumor marker studies so that the relevant information will be available to others to help them to judge the usefulness of the data and understand the context in which the conclusions apply.