Journal ArticleDOI
Brain tissue reaction to some chronically implanted metals
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The toxicity of certain metals was evaluated histologically following chronic implantation for 2 months in the brains of cats and all but silver were found to be nontoxic.Abstract:
✓ The toxicity of certain metals, namely, platinum, platinum-8% tungsten, platinum-10% rhodium, platinum-10% iridium, platinum-10% nickel, platinized platinum, a gold-nickel-chromium alloy, a gold-palladium-rhodium alloy, a chromium-nickel-molybdenum alloy (Vitallium), stainless steel, silver, rhenium, and gold, was evaluated histologically following chronic implantation for 2 months in the brains of cats. Of the above metals, all but silver were found to be nontoxic. Boron was also evaluated and found to be nontoxic.read more
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Recent Progress on Microelectrodes in Neural Interfaces
TL;DR: The development of the extracellular/intracellulartype of in vitro microelectrode array (MEA) to investigate neural interface technology and the penetrating/surface (non-penetrating) type of in vivo electrodes is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intracortical recording interfaces: current challenges to chronic recording function.
TL;DR: The design and function of current IRIs are discussed and a host of recent advances that contribute significantly to the overall understanding of the cellular and molecular events that lead to acute recording failure of these invasive implants are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The ultrastructure of the sheath around chronically implanted electrodes in brain.
Robert L. Schultz,T J Willey +1 more
TL;DR: Insulated, bipolar stainless steel electrodes were chronically implanted in various regions of the cat brain and the long-term structural changes in the tissue surrounding the electrodes were studied by light and electron microscopy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain tissue reaction to permselective polymer capsules.
TL;DR: Transmission electron microscopy showed a minimal degree of collagen deposition compared to implants in peripheral sites, and normal synapses within a few micrometers from the brain/polymer interface, supporting the prospect of biocompatible, immunoisolated xenografts in the central nervous system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electrochemically deposited iridium oxide reference electrode integrated with an electroenzymatic glutamate sensor on a multi-electrode arraymicroprobe
TL;DR: An implantable micromachined multi-electrode array (MEA) microprobe modified for utilization as a complete electrochemical biosensor for rapid glutamate detection is described, which provides an alternative to the commonly utilized Ag/AgCl wire RE.
References
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The production of brain lesions with electric currents. II. Bidirectional currents.
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Punctures of the brain: the factors concerned in gliosis and in cicatricial contraction
TL;DR: The investigation has thrown light on certain factors controlling gliosis and points to a fundamental principle involved in surgery of the brain.
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Histopathological changes produced by implanted electrodes in cat brains; comparison with histopathological changes in human and experimental puncture wounds.
TL;DR: A review of the literature has failed to reveal a detailed chronological study of the finer microscopic changes in the central nervous system that take place consequent to implanted electrodes, and the neurophysiological literature contains a paucity of detailed histopathological examinations of sacrificed experimental animals.
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Evaluation of permanent implantation of electrodes within the brain
TL;DR: Conclusions 6, 7, and 8 indicate that the presence of electrodes disturbs the brain activity very little, or at least, that the experimental conditions do not change during the period of observation.