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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Central regulation of the cough reflex: Therapeutic implications

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TLDR
New insights into cough and NMDA receptor signaling are discussed that may lead to the development of more effective antitussive agents with limited side effects and broad application in treating cough associated with a variety of aetiologies.
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This article is published in Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.The article was published on 2009-04-01 and is currently open access. It has received 80 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cough reflex & Dextromethorphan.

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The aging respiratory system--pulmonary structure, function and neural control.

TL;DR: Sleep-associated apnea and periodic breathing occur more frequently in the elderly, implying that neural feed back and feed-forward control (loop gain) are impaired and low loop gain may contribute to sleep apnea but not to periodic breathing.
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Antitussive drugs--past, present, and future

TL;DR: A review of the current understanding of the pathogenesis of cough and the hypertussive state characterizing a number of diseases as well as reviewing the evidence for the different classes of antitussive drug currently in clinical use can be found in this paper.
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Dextromethorphan: An update on its utility for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders

TL;DR: Preclinical and clinical effects of DM are summarized and suggestions for future research with DM are offered to advance the treatment for depression, stroke, traumatic brain injury, seizure, pain, methotrexate neurotoxicity, Parkinson's disease and autism.
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An essential component to brainstem cough gating identified in anesthetized guinea pigs

TL;DR: A critical component to cough gating, the central terminations of the cough receptors and their primary relay neurons are described, found bilaterally within nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS), lateral to the commissural subnucleus and perhaps in the medial subn nuclei.
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Afferent nerves regulating the cough reflex: mechanisms and mediators of cough in disease.

TL;DR: Bronchopulmonary C fibers and acid-sensitive, capsaicin-insensitive mechanoreceptors innervating the larynx, trachea, and large bronchi regulate the cough reflex.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Nitric oxide mediates glutamate-linked enhancement of cGMP levels in the cerebellum

TL;DR: It is established that nitric oxide mediates the stimulation by glutamate of cGMP formation, which mediates influences of numerous neurotransmitters and modulators on vascular smooth muscle and leukocytes.
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d-Serine is an endogenous ligand for the glycine site of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor

TL;DR: D-serine is an endogenous modulator of the glycine site of NMDA receptors and fully occupies this site at some functional synapses and greatly attenuates NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission as assessed by using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings or indirectly by using biochemical assays of the sequelae of NMda receptor- mediated calcium flux.
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Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

TL;DR: Despite considerable progress in the management of chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting, these symptoms remain among the most feared by patients beginning cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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Open-channel block of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) responses by memantine: therapeutic advantage against NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity

TL;DR: Low micromolar concentrations of memantine, levels known to be tolerated by patients receiving the drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, prevent NMDA receptor-mediated neurotoxicity in cultures of rat cortical and retinal ganglion cell neurons; memantine also appears to be both safe and effective in a rat stroke model, suggesting that memantine has considerable therapeutic potential for the myriad of clinical entities associated with NMda receptor- mediated neurotoxicity.
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