Characterization of biofilm matrix, degradation by DNase treatment and evidence of capsule downregulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates
Luanne Hall-Stoodley,Laura Nistico,Karthik Sambanthamoorthy,Bethany Dice,Duc Nguyen,William J. Mershon,Candice Johnson,Fen Z. Hu,Paul Stoodley,Garth D. Ehrlich,J. Christopher Post +10 more
TLDR
All pneumococcal strains developed biofilms that exhibited extracellular dsDNA in the biofilm matrix, however strains with a high BFI correlated with greater carbohydrate-associated structural complexity and antibiotic resistance, however all strains of S. pneumoniae showed downregulation of the cpsA gene during biofilm growth compared to planktonic culture, regardless of BFI ranking.Abstract:
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen and a major causative agent of respiratory infections, including otitis media (OM). Pneumococcal biofilms have been demonstrated on biopsies of the middle ear mucosa in children receiving tympanostomy tubes, supporting the hypothesis that chronic OM may involve biofilm development by pathogenic bacteria as part of the infectious process. To better understand pneumococcal biofilm formation six low-passage encapsulated nasopharyngeal isolates of S. pneumoniae were assessed over a six-eight day period in vitro. Multiparametric analysis divided the strains into two groups. Those with a high biofilm forming index (BFI) were structurally complex, exhibited greater lectin colocalization and were more resistant to azithromycin. Those with a low BFI developed less extensive biofilms and were more susceptible to azithromycin. dsDNA was present in the S. pneumoniae biofilm matrix in all strains and treatment with DNase I significantly reduced biofilm biomass. Since capsule expression has been hypothesized to be associated with decreased biofilm development, we also examined expression of cpsA, the first gene in the pneumococcal capsule operon. Interestingly, cpsA was downregulated in biofilms in both high and low BFI strains. All pneumococcal strains developed biofilms that exhibited extracellular dsDNA in the biofilm matrix, however strains with a high BFI correlated with greater carbohydrate-associated structural complexity and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, all strains of S. pneumoniae showed downregulation of the cpsA gene during biofilm growth compared to planktonic culture, regardless of BFI ranking, suggesting downregulation of capsule expression occurs generally during adherent growth.read more
Citations
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Evolving concepts in biofilm infections
TL;DR: Several pathogens associated with chronic infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in chronic otitis media, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in recurrent urinary tract infections, are linked to biofilm formation.
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Biofilm formation in Staphylococcus implant infections. A review of molecular mechanisms and implications for biofilm-resistant materials.
Carla Renata Arciola,Davide Campoccia,Pietro Speziale,Lucio Montanaro,John William Costerton +4 more
TL;DR: Advances in scientific knowledge on structural molecules, proteins, teichoic acids, and the most recently described extracellular DNA, on the synthesis and genetics of staphylococcal biofilms, and on the complex network of signal factors that intervene in their control are presented are presented, also reporting on the emerging strategies to disrupt or inhibit them.
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Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Biofilm Formation and Function.
TL;DR: The diverse range of polysaccharide structures, properties, and roles highlight the importance of this matrix constituent to the successful adaptation of bacteria to nearly every niche.
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Intrapleural use of tissue plasminogen activator and DNase in pleural infection
Najib M. Rahman,Nick A Maskell,Alex West,Richard Teoh,Anthony G. Arnold,Carolyn Mackinlay,Daniel Peckham,Christopher W. H. Davies,Nabeel Ali,William Kinnear,Andrew Bentley,Brennan C Kahan,John M. Wrightson,Helen E. Davies,Clare E Hooper,Y. C. Gary Lee,Emma L. Hedley,Nicky Crosthwaite,Louise Choo,Emma J. Helm,Fergus V. Gleeson,Fergus V. Gleeson,Andrew J. Nunn,Robert J. O. Davies +23 more
TL;DR: Intrapleural t-PA-DNase therapy improved fluid drainage in patients with pleural infection and reduced the frequency of surgical referral and the duration of the hospital stay.
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The role of extracellular DNA in the establishment, maintenance and perpetuation of bacterial biofilms
TL;DR: The multifaceted role of eDNA makes it an attractive target to sensitize biofilms to conventional antimicrobial treatment or development of new strategies to combat biofilm formation.
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