Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry and Applications of Nanocrystalline Cellulose and its Derivatives: a Nanotechnology Perspective
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TLDR
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is an emerging renewable nanomaterial that holds promise in many different applications, such as in personal care, chemicals, foods, pharmaceuticals, etc as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is an emerging renewable nanomaterial that holds promise in many different applications, such as in personal care, chemicals, foods, pharmaceuticals, etc. By appropriate modification of NCC, various functional nanomaterials with outstanding properties, or significantly improved physical, chemical, biological, as well as electronic properties can be developed. The nanoparticles are stabilised in aqueous suspension by negative charges on the surface, which are produced during the acid hydrolysis process. NCC suspensions can form a chiral nematic ordered phase beyond a critical concentration, i.e. NCC suspensions transform from an isotropic to an anisotropic chiral nematic liquid crystalline phase. Due to its nanoscale dimension and intrinsic physicochemical properties, NCC is a promising renewable biomaterial that can be used as a reinforcing component in high performance nanocomposites. Many new nanocomposite materials with attractive properties were obtained by the physical incorporation of NCC into a natural or synthetic polymeric matrix. Simple chemical modification on NCC surface can improve its dispersability in different solvents and expand its utilisation in nano-related applications, such as drug delivery, protein immobilisation, and inorganic reaction template. This review paper provides an overview on this emerging nanomaterial, focusing on the surface modification, properties and applications of NCC.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Production of nanocrystalline cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass: Technology and applications
TL;DR: This review provides an overview on this emerging nanomaterial, focusing on extraction procedures, especially from lignocellulosic biomass, and on technological developments and applications of NCC-based materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preparation, properties and applications of polysaccharide nanocrystals in advanced functional nanomaterials: a review
TL;DR: This article critically and comprehensively reviews the emerging polysaccharide nanocrystal-based functional nanomaterials with special applications, such as biomedical materials, biomimetic optical nanmaterials, bio-inspired mechanically adaptive nanommaterials, permselective nanostructured membranes, template for synthesizing inorganic nanoparticles, polymer electrolytes, emulsion nano-stabilizer and decontamination of organic pollutants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent progress in cellulose nanocrystals: sources and production
TL;DR: This review addresses the recent progress in the production methodologies of cellulose nanocrystals, covering principal cellulose resources and the main processes used for its isolation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials
E. Johan Foster,Robert J. Moon,Umesh P. Agarwal,Michael J. Bortner,Julien Bras,Sandra Camarero-Espinosa,Kathleen J. Chan,Martin J. D. Clift,Emily D. Cranston,Stephen J. Eichhorn,Douglas M. Fox,Wadood Y. Hamad,Laurent Heux,Bruno Jean,Matthew Korey,Kimberly J. Ong,Michael S. Reid,Scott Renneckar,Rose Roberts,Jo Anne Shatkin,John Simonsen,Kelly L. Stinson-Bagby,Nandula D. Wanasekara,Jeffrey P. Youngblood +23 more
TL;DR: This review establishes detailed best practices, methods and techniques for characterizing CNM particle morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge, purity, crystallinity, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and toxicity for two distinct forms of CNMs: cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose Nanofibrils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellulose nanocrystals: synthesis, functional properties, and applications.
Johnsy George,S. N. Sabapathi +1 more
TL;DR: This review aims to collate the knowledge available about the sources, chemical structure, and physical and chemical isolation procedures, as well as describes the mechanical, optical, and rheological properties, of cellulose nanocrystals.
References
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Nanocomposites: Layer-by-layer assembly of cellulose nanocrystals
TL;DR: The preparation of cellulose nanocrystal multilayer composites with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) using layer-by-layer assembly (LBL) technique revealed uniform coverage and densely packed cellulose crystal surface.
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Facile synthesis of spherical cellulose nanoparticles
TL;DR: In this paper, a practical procedure for synthesizing cellulose nanospheres with sizes ranging from 60 to over 570 nm was developed, which provides a near linear relationship between cellulose nanoparticle size and treatment time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Excellent Thermal Conductivity of Transparent Cellulose Nanofiber/Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites
Yuzuru Shimazaki,Yasuo Miyazaki,Yoshitaka Takezawa,Masaya Nogi,Kentaro Abe,Shinsuke Ifuku,Hiroyuki Yano +6 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Preparation By Grafting Onto, Characterization, and Properties of Thermally Responsive Polymer-Decorated Cellulose Nanocrystals
TL;DR: Surface tension measurements revealed that CNCs became surface-active after the grafting of thermosensitive amines, and a thermoreversible aggregation was observed, which paves the way for the design of stimuli-responsive biobased nanocomposite materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parameters Affecting the Chiral Nematic Phase of Nanocrystalline Cellulose Films
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of ionic strength, temperature, suspension concentration, and exposure to magnetic field on the morphology of NCC were examined at a macroscopic level using circular dichroism and polarized microscopy.
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