Journal ArticleDOI
Chemistry and Applications of Nanocrystalline Cellulose and its Derivatives: a Nanotechnology Perspective
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TLDR
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is an emerging renewable nanomaterial that holds promise in many different applications, such as in personal care, chemicals, foods, pharmaceuticals, etc as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is an emerging renewable nanomaterial that holds promise in many different applications, such as in personal care, chemicals, foods, pharmaceuticals, etc. By appropriate modification of NCC, various functional nanomaterials with outstanding properties, or significantly improved physical, chemical, biological, as well as electronic properties can be developed. The nanoparticles are stabilised in aqueous suspension by negative charges on the surface, which are produced during the acid hydrolysis process. NCC suspensions can form a chiral nematic ordered phase beyond a critical concentration, i.e. NCC suspensions transform from an isotropic to an anisotropic chiral nematic liquid crystalline phase. Due to its nanoscale dimension and intrinsic physicochemical properties, NCC is a promising renewable biomaterial that can be used as a reinforcing component in high performance nanocomposites. Many new nanocomposite materials with attractive properties were obtained by the physical incorporation of NCC into a natural or synthetic polymeric matrix. Simple chemical modification on NCC surface can improve its dispersability in different solvents and expand its utilisation in nano-related applications, such as drug delivery, protein immobilisation, and inorganic reaction template. This review paper provides an overview on this emerging nanomaterial, focusing on the surface modification, properties and applications of NCC.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Production of nanocrystalline cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass: Technology and applications
TL;DR: This review provides an overview on this emerging nanomaterial, focusing on extraction procedures, especially from lignocellulosic biomass, and on technological developments and applications of NCC-based materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preparation, properties and applications of polysaccharide nanocrystals in advanced functional nanomaterials: a review
TL;DR: This article critically and comprehensively reviews the emerging polysaccharide nanocrystal-based functional nanomaterials with special applications, such as biomedical materials, biomimetic optical nanmaterials, bio-inspired mechanically adaptive nanommaterials, permselective nanostructured membranes, template for synthesizing inorganic nanoparticles, polymer electrolytes, emulsion nano-stabilizer and decontamination of organic pollutants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent progress in cellulose nanocrystals: sources and production
TL;DR: This review addresses the recent progress in the production methodologies of cellulose nanocrystals, covering principal cellulose resources and the main processes used for its isolation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current characterization methods for cellulose nanomaterials
E. Johan Foster,Robert J. Moon,Umesh P. Agarwal,Michael J. Bortner,Julien Bras,Sandra Camarero-Espinosa,Kathleen J. Chan,Martin J. D. Clift,Emily D. Cranston,Stephen J. Eichhorn,Douglas M. Fox,Wadood Y. Hamad,Laurent Heux,Bruno Jean,Matthew Korey,Kimberly J. Ong,Michael S. Reid,Scott Renneckar,Rose Roberts,Jo Anne Shatkin,John Simonsen,Kelly L. Stinson-Bagby,Nandula D. Wanasekara,Jeffrey P. Youngblood +23 more
TL;DR: This review establishes detailed best practices, methods and techniques for characterizing CNM particle morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge, purity, crystallinity, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and toxicity for two distinct forms of CNMs: cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose Nanofibrils.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellulose nanocrystals: synthesis, functional properties, and applications.
Johnsy George,S. N. Sabapathi +1 more
TL;DR: This review aims to collate the knowledge available about the sources, chemical structure, and physical and chemical isolation procedures, as well as describes the mechanical, optical, and rheological properties, of cellulose nanocrystals.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biobased nanocomposites from layer-by-layer assembly of cellulose nanowhiskers with chitosan.
TL;DR: The results presented in this work indicate that the methodology used can be extended to different biopolymers for the design of new biobased nanocomposites in a wide range of applications such as biomedical and food packaging.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polysaccharide nano crystal reinforced nanocomposites
TL;DR: There are numerous examples of animals or plants that synthesize extracellular high-performance skeletal biocomposites consisting of a matrix reinforced by nano-sized crystalline domains as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Novel nanocomposites based on polyurethane and micro fibrillated cellulose
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to fibrillate cellulose from micro to nano scale and evaluate how these microfibers and nanofibrils affected the mechanical and thermal properties of thermoplastic polyurethane.
Journal ArticleDOI
Processing of polymer nanocomposites reinforced with polysaccharide nanocrystals.
TL;DR: A new and interesting way for the processing of polysaccharide nanocrystals-based nanocomposites is their transformation into a co-continuous material through long chain surface chemical modification.
Journal ArticleDOI
A technique for production of nanocrystalline cellulose with a narrow size distribution
TL;DR: In this article, a differential centrifugation technique was used to obtain NCC whiskers with a narrow size distribution, and it was shown that the volume of NCC in different fractions had an inverse relationship with relative centrifugal force.
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